Chapter 6 Skeletal System
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| What is the Skeletal System? | The Skeletal system are the bones and accessory structures that make up the joints.
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| Some bones contain and protect the _____ bone marrow. | Red
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| Bones are storage sites for excess ______. | Calcium
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| What attaches to the skeleton and make help to move the bones? | Muscles
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| Some bones protect the internal organs from what? | Injury
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| What is compact bone? | Made of Haversian systems, which are cylindrical arrangements of osteocytes within matrix.
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| What is Spongy bone? | Contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but not arranged in haversian systems. Also, often contain red bone marrow.
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| What are osteocytes? | osteocytes regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix and bone cells.
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| what is bone matrix? | made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
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| What are the 2 types of bone? | compact and spongy
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| How many classifications of bones are there? Name the different classifications. | There are four classifications of bones and they are long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones.
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| Where can you find long bones? | Bones of the arms, legs, hands and feet.
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| Where can you find short bones? | wrist and ankle bones.
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| Where can you find flat bones? | pelvic bone, ribs and cranial bones.
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| Where can you find irregular bones? | Vertebrae and facial bones.
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| The tissue that covers the joint surface of bones is called what? | Cartilage
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| The ________ is the "shaft" or middle long part of the bone. | Diaphysis
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| the ______ is the ends of the bone. | Epiphysis
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| the _______ is between the diaphysis and epiphysis. | Metaphysis
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| ________ is the fibrous connective tissue membrane that ____ the bone. | Periosteum, covers
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| The periosteum does not cover where the _______ cartilage is. | articular
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| ______ is the process of bone replacement of another tissue. | Ossification
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| osteoblasts are cells that aid in the _______ of bone matrix. | production
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| The cranial and facial bones are made of ________ ________ tissue. | Fibrous connective
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| The process of ossification begins in the _____ month of gestation. | third
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| The _____ is the "soft spot" of fibrous connective tissue still present at birth. | Fontanel
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| The fontanel allows for __________ of the skull during birth. | compression
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| At what age is the "soft spot" completely ossified? | Age 2
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| closure of the epiphyseal discs means that all of the cartilage of the discs has been replaced by _____. | bone
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| What are osteoclasts? | cells that break down bone by resorption.
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| ______ is the genetic potential for height and bone mass. | Heredity
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| Thyroxine, PTH, calitonin, GH, Testosteron and estrogen are all what? | Hormones
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| Osteoporosis is _________ bone matrix causing weakness and a _________ potential for fracture. | Weakness, higher
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| There are 2 divisions of the skeleton. What are they? | Axial & appendicular
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| What is the axial skeleton? | Forms the axis of the body which includes the skull, spine and thoracic rib cage.
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| What is the appendicular skeleton? | Forms the appendages and girdles.
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| Ligaments are ______ ____________ tisuue that connects bone to bone. | fibrous connective
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| Foramen means _______? | Hole
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| a fossa is what? | a dent or depression
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| what is a crest? | a ridge or edge.
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| what is the meatus? | passageway - ear hole
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| What is a process? | A projection
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| what is a facet? | a flat projection - spinal joint
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| What is a condyle? | a rounded projection
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| what is a plate? | a flat projection - between the nose
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| What is a tubercle? | A round projection
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| What is a tuberosity? | A rounded projection - deltoid
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| The skull has __ (number) cranial bones. | Eight
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| The skull has ___ (number) facial bones. | 14
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| The skull has 6 ______ _______. | Auditory ossicles
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| The skull has one ____ bone. | Hyoid
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| What do the cranial bones surround and protect? | they surround the brain and protect the eyes and ears.
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| The frontal bone forms the ________ and the anterior part of the top of the skull. | forehead
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| the __________ bones form the posterior top and much of the side walls of the skull. | Parietal
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| each _____ bone on the side of the skull contains an external auditory meatus. | temporal
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| the _____ bone forms the lower, posterior part of the braincase. | Occipital
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| All of the joints between cranial bones are immovable joints called _____. | Sutures
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| There are 4 different types of sutures. What are they? | Coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, and sagittal.
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| Where is the coronal suture? | Between the frontal and parietal bones.
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| where is the squamosal suture? | between the parietal and temporal bones.
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| the _____ suture is between the parietal and occipital bones. | Lambdoidal
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| The ________ suture is between parietal bones. | Sagittal
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| The mandible is the _______ ____. | Lower jaw
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| the mandible is the only _____ bone. | movable
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| ______ forms the bridge of the nose. | Nasal bones
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| the _________ is the cheek bone. | Zygomatic
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| what bones form the posterior part of the hard palate? | Palatine
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| The vertebral column is made of individual bones called _________. | Vertebrae
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| there are 7 _____ vertebrae. | Cervical
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| there are ___ thoracic vertebrae. | 12
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| There are 5 ___ vertebrae. | Lumbar
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| there are __ sacral fused in to __ sacrum. | 5 and 1
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| there are __ to __ coccygeal vertebrae fused in to 1 coccyx. | 4 to 5
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| The 7 cervical vertebrae are those within the ____. | neck
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| the first vertebra of the cervical vertebrae is called the ___. | Atlas
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| The axis is the _____ cervical vertebrae. | second
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| The ______ vertebrae articulate with the robs on the body and transverse process on each side. | Thoracic
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| the lumbar vertebrae is the ____ back. | low
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| the sacrum is the _______. | Tailbone
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| the coccyx is the vestigial structure that is remnant of a ___. | Tail
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| what is the canal formed by the vertebral arches that the spinal cord passes through? | Vertebral canal
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| projections serve as _____ sites for muscles. | attachment
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| the _____ is the cartilage pad between bodies. | fibrocartilage or discs
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| what is the part of the skeleton that protects the heart, lungs, spleen and liver from mechanical injury? | The rib cage
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| the hip bones attach the legs to the ____ skeleton. | axial
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| true or false: we have false ribs in our bodies. | true
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| there are __ pairs of ribs and sternum. | 12
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| There are 3 parts of the sternum. What are they? | The upper manubrium, the central body and the ziphoid process.
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| The shoulder _____ attaches the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. | girdle
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| the shoulder girdle includes the scapula and the _____. | clavicle
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| scapula is another name form ______ _______. | shoulder blade
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| the _______ ________ is the attachment for shorthead bicipital tendons. | corocoid process
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| the glenoid fossa is a lateral depression for the head of the ______ and forms a ____ ____ ______ joint. | Humerus and ball and socket joint
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| the _____ process attaches to the clavicle to form the AC joint. | Acromion
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| what type of bone is the humerus? | a long bone
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| the deltoid tubercle is the attachment of the _______ muscle. | deltoid
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| the ulna is the _____ of the two forearm bones. | Medial
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| Olecranon process is another name for our _______. | elbow
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| the radius is the _____ of the two forearm bones. | Lateral
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| the radius allows pronation and supination of the ______. | Hand
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| there are __ (number) carpals or wrist bones. | eight
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| there are 2 different rows of carpals. They are: | the proximal row and distal row
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| the proximal row contains what carpals? | the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform
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| The distal row contains what carpals? | the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
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| what type of joints are the carpals? | gliding joints
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| the metacarpals are the ___ bones in the hand that attach proximally to the _____ and distally to the __________. | long, carpals, phalanges
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| What are phalanges? | Finger bones
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| phalanges are what _____ joints. | Hinge
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| Pelvic girdle is another name for your ______. | pelvis
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| __ ________ are made of 3 bones that fuse during development. | os coxae
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| Femur is the ____ bone of the thigh. | Long
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| the _______ __________ is a lateral projection on the proximal end of the femur. | greater trochanter
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| the ______ _________ is the medial projection on the proximal end of the femur. | lesser trochanter
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| the knee is a ____ joint. | hinge
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| the tibia is the weight bearing bone of the ______ leg. | lower
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| the ______ ______ forms the shin. | anterior crest
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| the _______ __________ is the inferomedial part that forms the medial "ankle bone." | medial malleolus
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| _______ is the non-weight bearing bone of the lower leg. | fibula
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| the base of the fibula forms the lateral _______. | malleolus
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| the calcaneus is another name for your ____ ____. | heel bone
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| the calcaneus is the largest ______. | tarsal
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| ________ are the "foot" bones. | metatarsals
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| toes are the _______. (same name as your fingers) | phalanges
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| your great/big toe is called the _______. | hallux
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| there are two different types of arches in the foot. What are they? | the Longitudinal arch and the transverse arch.
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| synarthrosis joints are ________. | immovable
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| Ampiarthrosis joints are ______ ___________. | slightly movable
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| diarthrosis joints are ____ ________. | freely movable
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| The articular cartilage is on the ___ ____ of each bone. | joint surface
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| the joint capsule is made of _______ ___________ tissue. | fibrous connective
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| what is synovial fluid? | synovial fluid is thick and slippery and prevents friction as bones move.
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| _____ are small sacs of synovial fluid between the joint and the tendons that cross over the joint. | bursae
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| inflammation of a joint is what? | arthritis
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| what is actin? | a contractile protein in the sarcomeres of muscle fibers.
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| scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the _____ __________. | spinal column
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| thyroxine increases the rate of ______ synthesis. | protein
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| what increases energy production from glucose? | insulin
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| calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of _______ from bones. | calcium
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| parathyroid hormone ________ (increases or decreases) the reabsorption of calcium from bones to the blood. | increases
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| estrogen or testosterone promotes the ______ of the epiphysis of long bones. | closure
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| true or false: estrogen is found in males. | False, testosterone is found in males
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| a fracture means that a bone has been_____. | broken
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