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Chp. 6 Skel. System
Chapter 6 Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Skeletal System? | The Skeletal system are the bones and accessory structures that make up the joints. |
| Some bones contain and protect the _____ bone marrow. | Red |
| Bones are storage sites for excess ______. | Calcium |
| What attaches to the skeleton and make help to move the bones? | Muscles |
| Some bones protect the internal organs from what? | Injury |
| What is compact bone? | Made of Haversian systems, which are cylindrical arrangements of osteocytes within matrix. |
| What is Spongy bone? | Contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but not arranged in haversian systems. Also, often contain red bone marrow. |
| What are osteocytes? | osteocytes regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix and bone cells. |
| what is bone matrix? | made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. |
| What are the 2 types of bone? | compact and spongy |
| How many classifications of bones are there? Name the different classifications. | There are four classifications of bones and they are long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones. |
| Where can you find long bones? | Bones of the arms, legs, hands and feet. |
| Where can you find short bones? | wrist and ankle bones. |
| Where can you find flat bones? | pelvic bone, ribs and cranial bones. |
| Where can you find irregular bones? | Vertebrae and facial bones. |
| The tissue that covers the joint surface of bones is called what? | Cartilage |
| The ________ is the "shaft" or middle long part of the bone. | Diaphysis |
| the ______ is the ends of the bone. | Epiphysis |
| the _______ is between the diaphysis and epiphysis. | Metaphysis |
| ________ is the fibrous connective tissue membrane that ____ the bone. | Periosteum, covers |
| The periosteum does not cover where the _______ cartilage is. | articular |
| ______ is the process of bone replacement of another tissue. | Ossification |
| osteoblasts are cells that aid in the _______ of bone matrix. | production |
| The cranial and facial bones are made of ________ ________ tissue. | Fibrous connective |
| The process of ossification begins in the _____ month of gestation. | third |
| The _____ is the "soft spot" of fibrous connective tissue still present at birth. | Fontanel |
| The fontanel allows for __________ of the skull during birth. | compression |
| At what age is the "soft spot" completely ossified? | Age 2 |
| closure of the epiphyseal discs means that all of the cartilage of the discs has been replaced by _____. | bone |
| What are osteoclasts? | cells that break down bone by resorption. |
| ______ is the genetic potential for height and bone mass. | Heredity |
| Thyroxine, PTH, calitonin, GH, Testosteron and estrogen are all what? | Hormones |
| Osteoporosis is _________ bone matrix causing weakness and a _________ potential for fracture. | Weakness, higher |
| There are 2 divisions of the skeleton. What are they? | Axial & appendicular |
| What is the axial skeleton? | Forms the axis of the body which includes the skull, spine and thoracic rib cage. |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | Forms the appendages and girdles. |
| Ligaments are ______ ____________ tisuue that connects bone to bone. | fibrous connective |
| Foramen means _______? | Hole |
| a fossa is what? | a dent or depression |
| what is a crest? | a ridge or edge. |
| what is the meatus? | passageway - ear hole |
| What is a process? | A projection |
| what is a facet? | a flat projection - spinal joint |
| What is a condyle? | a rounded projection |
| what is a plate? | a flat projection - between the nose |
| What is a tubercle? | A round projection |
| What is a tuberosity? | A rounded projection - deltoid |
| The skull has __ (number) cranial bones. | Eight |
| The skull has ___ (number) facial bones. | 14 |
| The skull has 6 ______ _______. | Auditory ossicles |
| The skull has one ____ bone. | Hyoid |
| What do the cranial bones surround and protect? | they surround the brain and protect the eyes and ears. |
| The frontal bone forms the ________ and the anterior part of the top of the skull. | forehead |
| the __________ bones form the posterior top and much of the side walls of the skull. | Parietal |
| each _____ bone on the side of the skull contains an external auditory meatus. | temporal |
| the _____ bone forms the lower, posterior part of the braincase. | Occipital |
| All of the joints between cranial bones are immovable joints called _____. | Sutures |
| There are 4 different types of sutures. What are they? | Coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, and sagittal. |
| Where is the coronal suture? | Between the frontal and parietal bones. |
| where is the squamosal suture? | between the parietal and temporal bones. |
| the _____ suture is between the parietal and occipital bones. | Lambdoidal |
| The ________ suture is between parietal bones. | Sagittal |
| The mandible is the _______ ____. | Lower jaw |
| the mandible is the only _____ bone. | movable |
| ______ forms the bridge of the nose. | Nasal bones |
| the _________ is the cheek bone. | Zygomatic |
| what bones form the posterior part of the hard palate? | Palatine |
| The vertebral column is made of individual bones called _________. | Vertebrae |
| there are 7 _____ vertebrae. | Cervical |
| there are ___ thoracic vertebrae. | 12 |
| There are 5 ___ vertebrae. | Lumbar |
| there are __ sacral fused in to __ sacrum. | 5 and 1 |
| there are __ to __ coccygeal vertebrae fused in to 1 coccyx. | 4 to 5 |
| The 7 cervical vertebrae are those within the ____. | neck |
| the first vertebra of the cervical vertebrae is called the ___. | Atlas |
| The axis is the _____ cervical vertebrae. | second |
| The ______ vertebrae articulate with the robs on the body and transverse process on each side. | Thoracic |
| the lumbar vertebrae is the ____ back. | low |
| the sacrum is the _______. | Tailbone |
| the coccyx is the vestigial structure that is remnant of a ___. | Tail |
| what is the canal formed by the vertebral arches that the spinal cord passes through? | Vertebral canal |
| projections serve as _____ sites for muscles. | attachment |
| the _____ is the cartilage pad between bodies. | fibrocartilage or discs |
| what is the part of the skeleton that protects the heart, lungs, spleen and liver from mechanical injury? | The rib cage |
| the hip bones attach the legs to the ____ skeleton. | axial |
| true or false: we have false ribs in our bodies. | true |
| there are __ pairs of ribs and sternum. | 12 |
| There are 3 parts of the sternum. What are they? | The upper manubrium, the central body and the ziphoid process. |
| The shoulder _____ attaches the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. | girdle |
| the shoulder girdle includes the scapula and the _____. | clavicle |
| scapula is another name form ______ _______. | shoulder blade |
| the _______ ________ is the attachment for shorthead bicipital tendons. | corocoid process |
| the glenoid fossa is a lateral depression for the head of the ______ and forms a ____ ____ ______ joint. | Humerus and ball and socket joint |
| the _____ process attaches to the clavicle to form the AC joint. | Acromion |
| what type of bone is the humerus? | a long bone |
| the deltoid tubercle is the attachment of the _______ muscle. | deltoid |
| the ulna is the _____ of the two forearm bones. | Medial |
| Olecranon process is another name for our _______. | elbow |
| the radius is the _____ of the two forearm bones. | Lateral |
| the radius allows pronation and supination of the ______. | Hand |
| there are __ (number) carpals or wrist bones. | eight |
| there are 2 different rows of carpals. They are: | the proximal row and distal row |
| the proximal row contains what carpals? | the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform |
| The distal row contains what carpals? | the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate |
| what type of joints are the carpals? | gliding joints |
| the metacarpals are the ___ bones in the hand that attach proximally to the _____ and distally to the __________. | long, carpals, phalanges |
| What are phalanges? | Finger bones |
| phalanges are what _____ joints. | Hinge |
| Pelvic girdle is another name for your ______. | pelvis |
| __ ________ are made of 3 bones that fuse during development. | os coxae |
| Femur is the ____ bone of the thigh. | Long |
| the _______ __________ is a lateral projection on the proximal end of the femur. | greater trochanter |
| the ______ _________ is the medial projection on the proximal end of the femur. | lesser trochanter |
| the knee is a ____ joint. | hinge |
| the tibia is the weight bearing bone of the ______ leg. | lower |
| the ______ ______ forms the shin. | anterior crest |
| the _______ __________ is the inferomedial part that forms the medial "ankle bone." | medial malleolus |
| _______ is the non-weight bearing bone of the lower leg. | fibula |
| the base of the fibula forms the lateral _______. | malleolus |
| the calcaneus is another name for your ____ ____. | heel bone |
| the calcaneus is the largest ______. | tarsal |
| ________ are the "foot" bones. | metatarsals |
| toes are the _______. (same name as your fingers) | phalanges |
| your great/big toe is called the _______. | hallux |
| there are two different types of arches in the foot. What are they? | the Longitudinal arch and the transverse arch. |
| synarthrosis joints are ________. | immovable |
| Ampiarthrosis joints are ______ ___________. | slightly movable |
| diarthrosis joints are ____ ________. | freely movable |
| The articular cartilage is on the ___ ____ of each bone. | joint surface |
| the joint capsule is made of _______ ___________ tissue. | fibrous connective |
| what is synovial fluid? | synovial fluid is thick and slippery and prevents friction as bones move. |
| _____ are small sacs of synovial fluid between the joint and the tendons that cross over the joint. | bursae |
| inflammation of a joint is what? | arthritis |
| what is actin? | a contractile protein in the sarcomeres of muscle fibers. |
| scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the _____ __________. | spinal column |
| thyroxine increases the rate of ______ synthesis. | protein |
| what increases energy production from glucose? | insulin |
| calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of _______ from bones. | calcium |
| parathyroid hormone ________ (increases or decreases) the reabsorption of calcium from bones to the blood. | increases |
| estrogen or testosterone promotes the ______ of the epiphysis of long bones. | closure |
| true or false: estrogen is found in males. | False, testosterone is found in males |
| a fracture means that a bone has been_____. | broken |
Created by:
long2010
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