Urinary System
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| antiseptic | substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms
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| arteriole | smallest branch of an artery
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| Bowman's capsule | cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus
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| cortex | outer layer of a body organ or structure
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| cytoscope | instrument used to view the interior of the bladder
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| dialysate | solution that contains water and electrolytes; passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood; also called "bath"
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| dialysis | process of removing waste products from the blood
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| dwell time | length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity
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| fossa | hollow or depression usually at the end of a bone
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| glomerular filtrate | substances that filter out of the blood through glomeruli (water, sugar, salts, etc.)
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| glomerulus | ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries
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| hilum | depression, or pit, of an organ where the vesseles and nerves enter
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| meatus | opening or tunnel through any part of the body (ex: external opening of the urethra)
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| medulla | most internal part of a structure or organ
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| micturition | urination
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| nephrolith | kidney stone
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| renal calculus | kidney stone; also call nephrolith
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| peritoneum | specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall
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| peritonitis | inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity
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| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| renal pelvis | central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter
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| renal tubule | long, twisted tube that leads away from the glomerulus; water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that surround them
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| residual urine | urine that remains in the bladder after urination
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| toxic | poisonous
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| turbid | cloudy
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| uremia | excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood
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| ureter | one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
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| urethra | tubular structure that drains urine
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| urinary incontinence | inability to control urination
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| urine | fluid released by the kidneys; normal is clear, straw-colored, and slightly acidic
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| albuminuria | presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protien
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| anuria | cessation (stopping) of urine production
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| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| fatigue | state of exhaustion
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| frequency | number of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time
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| glcosuria | glucose in the urine
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| hematuria | abnormal presence of blood in the urine
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| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine; result of uncontrolled DM,starvation, and other metabolic conditions (fats rapidly broken down)
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| malaise | feeling of bodily weakness and discomfort
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| nocturia | excessive urination at night
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| oliguria | scanty (diminished) urine output
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| polydipsia | excessive thrist
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| polyuria | abnornally large amounts of urine
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| urgency | feeling of the need to void urine immediately
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| cysitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| glomerulonephritis, acute | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys
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| hydronephrosis | distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the ureter
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| polycystic kidney disease | disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike fluid-filled sacs or systs replace normal kidney tissue
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| pylonephristis, acute | bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney
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| renal failure, chronic | progressively slow development of kidney failure, over a period of years
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| vesicoureteral reflux | backflow (reflux) of urine
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| hemodialysis | removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood; shunting
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| catherization | introduction of a catheter (flexible hollow tube) into a body cavity, to instill a substance or to remove a fluid
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| cytometrography | examination performed to evaluate bladder tone; bladder pressure during filling and voiding
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| cystoscopy | process of viewing the interior of the bladder using a cytoscope
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| intravenous pyelogram | radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
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| KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) | x-ray of the lower abdomen; defines the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | radiographic procedure; catheters are passed through a cytoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis
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| urinalysis | physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine
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| 24-hour urine specimen | collection of all of the urine excreted by the individual over a 24-hour period
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| voiding cystourethrography | x-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process
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| clean-catch specimen | collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia; midstream specimen
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| first-voided specimen | collection of the first-voided specimen of the morning; early-morning specimen
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| random specimen | urine specimen that is collected at any time
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| ureterostenosis | ureteral stricture (narrowing)
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| vesicocele | herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina
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