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Chap 15AR
Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antiseptic | substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms |
| arteriole | smallest branch of an artery |
| Bowman's capsule | cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus |
| cortex | outer layer of a body organ or structure |
| cytoscope | instrument used to view the interior of the bladder |
| dialysate | solution that contains water and electrolytes; passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood; also called "bath" |
| dialysis | process of removing waste products from the blood |
| dwell time | length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity |
| fossa | hollow or depression usually at the end of a bone |
| glomerular filtrate | substances that filter out of the blood through glomeruli (water, sugar, salts, etc.) |
| glomerulus | ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries |
| hilum | depression, or pit, of an organ where the vesseles and nerves enter |
| meatus | opening or tunnel through any part of the body (ex: external opening of the urethra) |
| medulla | most internal part of a structure or organ |
| micturition | urination |
| nephrolith | kidney stone |
| renal calculus | kidney stone; also call nephrolith |
| peritoneum | specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| renal pelvis | central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter |
| renal tubule | long, twisted tube that leads away from the glomerulus; water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that surround them |
| residual urine | urine that remains in the bladder after urination |
| toxic | poisonous |
| turbid | cloudy |
| uremia | excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood |
| ureter | one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| urethra | tubular structure that drains urine |
| urinary incontinence | inability to control urination |
| urine | fluid released by the kidneys; normal is clear, straw-colored, and slightly acidic |
| albuminuria | presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protien |
| anuria | cessation (stopping) of urine production |
| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| fatigue | state of exhaustion |
| frequency | number of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time |
| glcosuria | glucose in the urine |
| hematuria | abnormal presence of blood in the urine |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine; result of uncontrolled DM,starvation, and other metabolic conditions (fats rapidly broken down) |
| malaise | feeling of bodily weakness and discomfort |
| nocturia | excessive urination at night |
| oliguria | scanty (diminished) urine output |
| polydipsia | excessive thrist |
| polyuria | abnornally large amounts of urine |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| urgency | feeling of the need to void urine immediately |
| cysitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| glomerulonephritis, acute | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys |
| hydronephrosis | distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the ureter |
| polycystic kidney disease | disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike fluid-filled sacs or systs replace normal kidney tissue |
| pylonephristis, acute | bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney |
| renal failure, chronic | progressively slow development of kidney failure, over a period of years |
| vesicoureteral reflux | backflow (reflux) of urine |
| hemodialysis | removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood; shunting |
| catherization | introduction of a catheter (flexible hollow tube) into a body cavity, to instill a substance or to remove a fluid |
| cytometrography | examination performed to evaluate bladder tone; bladder pressure during filling and voiding |
| cystoscopy | process of viewing the interior of the bladder using a cytoscope |
| intravenous pyelogram | radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) | x-ray of the lower abdomen; defines the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | radiographic procedure; catheters are passed through a cytoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis |
| urinalysis | physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine |
| 24-hour urine specimen | collection of all of the urine excreted by the individual over a 24-hour period |
| voiding cystourethrography | x-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process |
| clean-catch specimen | collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia; midstream specimen |
| first-voided specimen | collection of the first-voided specimen of the morning; early-morning specimen |
| random specimen | urine specimen that is collected at any time |
| ureterostenosis | ureteral stricture (narrowing) |
| vesicocele | herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina |
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maxphia32
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