Bone Review
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| Diaphysis | Part of bone formed from primary center of ossification; includes body or shaft
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| Epiphysis | Part formed from 1 or more secondary centers of ossification.
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| Endosteum | Membrane lining medullary cavities of long bones
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| Bone marrow | Tissue occupying medullary cavities of long bones and spaces in spongy bone.
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| Periosteum | Membrane covering bones, except joint surfaces.
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| Compact bone | Dense, closely knit bone made up of haversian systems, located under perisoteum.
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| Spongy bone | Porous loosely-knit bone.
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| The appendicular skeleton has how many bones? | 126
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| The appendicular skeleton includes which bones? | Pelvic & shoulder girdle, lower & upper limbs
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| The axial skeleton has how many bones? | 80
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| The axial skeleton includes what bones? | Skull, neck, thorax, and vertebral column.
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| What are the functions of bones? | Support, Attachment for muscles, Movement, Protection, Blood Cell Production, and Mineral Storage
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| What tissue is found in the medulla of long bones? | Bone marrow
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| What type of cartilage separates the diaphysis and epiphysis? | Epiphyseal cartilage
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| What is ossification? | Development and formation of bones.
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| Describe long bones. | Consists of shaft and 2 articular extremities.
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| Name some long bones. | Humerus, Radius, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Tibia, Fibula
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| Describe flat bones. | Consists of compact tissue in form of 2 plates enclosing cancellous tissue.
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| Name some flat bones. | Frontal, Parietal, Ribs, Scapula
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| Describe short bones. | Cancellous tissue with thin outer layer of compact tissue.
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| Name some short bones. | Carpal, Tarsal, Lunate, Trapezium
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| Describe irregular bones. | Peculiar shaped bones.
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| Name some irregular bones. | Vertebrae, Sacrum, Facial bones, Ear bones, Maxilla, Mandible
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| Describe sesamoid bones. | Small and oval; develop inside/beside tendons
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| Name a sesamoid bone. | Patella (kneecap)
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| Ala | Wing or sacrum or ilium
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| Condyle | Rounded process at articular extremity
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| Coracoid | Beaklike process
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| Cornu | Horn
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| Crest | Ridgelike process
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| Epicondyle | Bony projection on or above a condyle
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| Fovea | Small pit or depression
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| Facet | Smooth articular surface process
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| Malleolus | Club-shaped process.
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| Horn | Hornlike process on a bone
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| Head | Expanded end of a long bone
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| Hamulus | Hook-shaped process
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| Protuberance | Bony projection
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| Protuberance | Bony projection
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| Process | Definite or marked bony prominence
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| Spine | Sharp process
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| Spinous process | Sharp, slender process
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| Styloid process | Another shrp, slender process
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| Trochanter | Very large, elevated rounded process
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| Tubercle | SMALL, rounded, elevated process
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| Tuberosity | LARGE, rounded, elevated process
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| Fossa | Pit
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| Sinus | Recess, groove
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| Sulcus | Furrow, Trench
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| Groove | Shallow, linear depression
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| Fissure | Cleft, Groove
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| Foramen | Hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves
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| Fibrous Joints (Types) | Gomphosis/Syndesmosis/Suture
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| Fibrous Joints (Fact) | Strongest joints in body
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| Fibrous Joints (Fact) | United by various fibrous, connective tissue
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| Synovial Joints (Types) | Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Ellipsoid, Saddle, and Ball & Socket
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| Synovial Joints (Fact) | Most complex joints of body
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| Synovial Joints (Fact) | Permit wide range of motion
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| Cartilaginous Joints (Fact) | Do not have a joint cavity
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| Cartilaginous Joints (Fact) | Virtually immovable
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| Cartilaginous Joints (Fact) | United by hyaline or fibrocartilage
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| Cartilaginous Joints (Types) | Symphysis and Synchondrosis
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| In free-moving joint, bones ends are covered by: | Articular cartilage
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| Osteoclast | Destructive bone cells
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| Infancy | Growth, formation of bones
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| Adulthood | No growth, formation, reabsorption balanced
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| Old age | No growth, less formation, more reabsorption
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| Diarthrodial (class of joint) | Freely movable joint
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| Amphiarthrodial (class of joint) | Limited motion joint
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| Synarthrodial (class of joint) | Immovable joint
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| What fastens muscles to bones? | Tendons
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| Immovable joints are classified as what? | Synarthrodial
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| Freely movable joints are classifed as what? | Diarthrodial
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| What fastens bone to bone? | Ligaments
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| Landmark T7 | Inferior angle of scapulae
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| Landmark T9, T10 | Xiphoid process
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| Landmark L4, L5 | Level of superior aspect of crests of ilia
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| List the 2 classes of joints | Functional and Structural
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| List the 3 structural classes of joint | Cartilaginous, Fibrous, and Synovial
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| Which bone classification is the trapezium | Short.
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| Which structural class of articulations are cranial sutures? | Fibrous
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| The scapula is classified as what type of bone? | Flat bone
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| What is the name of the largest bone in the leg? | Femur
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| Freely movable joints have bones, whose ends are covered by what? | Articular cartilage
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| The level of the symphysis pubis can be located by palpating what? | Greater trochanters
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| What tissue is found in the medulla of long bones? | Marrow (bone)
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| Name the class of freely movable joints. | Diarthrodial
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