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Bones
Bone Review
| Bones | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diaphysis | Part of bone formed from primary center of ossification; includes body or shaft |
| Epiphysis | Part formed from 1 or more secondary centers of ossification. |
| Endosteum | Membrane lining medullary cavities of long bones |
| Bone marrow | Tissue occupying medullary cavities of long bones and spaces in spongy bone. |
| Periosteum | Membrane covering bones, except joint surfaces. |
| Compact bone | Dense, closely knit bone made up of haversian systems, located under perisoteum. |
| Spongy bone | Porous loosely-knit bone. |
| The appendicular skeleton has how many bones? | 126 |
| The appendicular skeleton includes which bones? | Pelvic & shoulder girdle, lower & upper limbs |
| The axial skeleton has how many bones? | 80 |
| The axial skeleton includes what bones? | Skull, neck, thorax, and vertebral column. |
| What are the functions of bones? | Support, Attachment for muscles, Movement, Protection, Blood Cell Production, and Mineral Storage |
| What tissue is found in the medulla of long bones? | Bone marrow |
| What type of cartilage separates the diaphysis and epiphysis? | Epiphyseal cartilage |
| What is ossification? | Development and formation of bones. |
| Describe long bones. | Consists of shaft and 2 articular extremities. |
| Name some long bones. | Humerus, Radius, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Tibia, Fibula |
| Describe flat bones. | Consists of compact tissue in form of 2 plates enclosing cancellous tissue. |
| Name some flat bones. | Frontal, Parietal, Ribs, Scapula |
| Describe short bones. | Cancellous tissue with thin outer layer of compact tissue. |
| Name some short bones. | Carpal, Tarsal, Lunate, Trapezium |
| Describe irregular bones. | Peculiar shaped bones. |
| Name some irregular bones. | Vertebrae, Sacrum, Facial bones, Ear bones, Maxilla, Mandible |
| Describe sesamoid bones. | Small and oval; develop inside/beside tendons |
| Name a sesamoid bone. | Patella (kneecap) |
| Ala | Wing or sacrum or ilium |
| Condyle | Rounded process at articular extremity |
| Coracoid | Beaklike process |
| Cornu | Horn |
| Crest | Ridgelike process |
| Epicondyle | Bony projection on or above a condyle |
| Fovea | Small pit or depression |
| Facet | Smooth articular surface process |
| Malleolus | Club-shaped process. |
| Horn | Hornlike process on a bone |
| Head | Expanded end of a long bone |
| Hamulus | Hook-shaped process |
| Protuberance | Bony projection |
| Protuberance | Bony projection |
| Process | Definite or marked bony prominence |
| Spine | Sharp process |
| Spinous process | Sharp, slender process |
| Styloid process | Another shrp, slender process |
| Trochanter | Very large, elevated rounded process |
| Tubercle | SMALL, rounded, elevated process |
| Tuberosity | LARGE, rounded, elevated process |
| Fossa | Pit |
| Sinus | Recess, groove |
| Sulcus | Furrow, Trench |
| Groove | Shallow, linear depression |
| Fissure | Cleft, Groove |
| Foramen | Hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves |
| Fibrous Joints (Types) | Gomphosis/Syndesmosis/Suture |
| Fibrous Joints (Fact) | Strongest joints in body |
| Fibrous Joints (Fact) | United by various fibrous, connective tissue |
| Synovial Joints (Types) | Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Ellipsoid, Saddle, and Ball & Socket |
| Synovial Joints (Fact) | Most complex joints of body |
| Synovial Joints (Fact) | Permit wide range of motion |
| Cartilaginous Joints (Fact) | Do not have a joint cavity |
| Cartilaginous Joints (Fact) | Virtually immovable |
| Cartilaginous Joints (Fact) | United by hyaline or fibrocartilage |
| Cartilaginous Joints (Types) | Symphysis and Synchondrosis |
| In free-moving joint, bones ends are covered by: | Articular cartilage |
| Osteoclast | Destructive bone cells |
| Infancy | Growth, formation of bones |
| Adulthood | No growth, formation, reabsorption balanced |
| Old age | No growth, less formation, more reabsorption |
| Diarthrodial (class of joint) | Freely movable joint |
| Amphiarthrodial (class of joint) | Limited motion joint |
| Synarthrodial (class of joint) | Immovable joint |
| What fastens muscles to bones? | Tendons |
| Immovable joints are classified as what? | Synarthrodial |
| Freely movable joints are classifed as what? | Diarthrodial |
| What fastens bone to bone? | Ligaments |
| Landmark T7 | Inferior angle of scapulae |
| Landmark T9, T10 | Xiphoid process |
| Landmark L4, L5 | Level of superior aspect of crests of ilia |
| List the 2 classes of joints | Functional and Structural |
| List the 3 structural classes of joint | Cartilaginous, Fibrous, and Synovial |
| Which bone classification is the trapezium | Short. |
| Which structural class of articulations are cranial sutures? | Fibrous |
| The scapula is classified as what type of bone? | Flat bone |
| What is the name of the largest bone in the leg? | Femur |
| Freely movable joints have bones, whose ends are covered by what? | Articular cartilage |
| The level of the symphysis pubis can be located by palpating what? | Greater trochanters |
| What tissue is found in the medulla of long bones? | Marrow (bone) |
| Name the class of freely movable joints. | Diarthrodial |
Created by:
rad1958tech
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