Bones and Accessory structures that make up the joints
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| The skeletal system provides a framework for what? | Support
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| What allows movement by providing attachment sites for skeletal muscle? | Movement
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| What is it called when the skull and rib cage protects the internal organs? | Protection
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| Hemopoiesis is what? | Blood formation
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| Hemopoiesis is produced in the _________ bone marrow? | Red
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| Hemopoiesis is made from ____ cells? | Stem
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| The skeletal system provides what? | Storage
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| _______ ___________ levels are maintained by putting calcium in or removing calcium from bones? | Blood calcium
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| Bone tissue is made of what type of tissue? | Connective tissue
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| Connective tissue is made up of? | Cells and matrix
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| Osteocytes make up the? | Bone cells
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| Calcium salts and callogen make up the? | Matrix
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| The bone matrix is non-living but is constantly? | Changing
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| The two types of calcium salts were? | Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
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| What are the two types of bone? | Compact and Spongy
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| Another name for compact bone is? | Cortical bone
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| Cortical bone is made up of? | Columns
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| The columns in cortical bone are called? | Osteons or Haversian systems
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| Concentric rings surround a? | Central/ Haversian canal
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| Haversian canals contain what? | Blood vessels
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| Osteocytes are in spaces called? | Lacunae
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| Another name for spongy bone is? | Cancellous bone
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| Spongy bone is very what? | Porous
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| Spongy bone is not arranged into? | Haversian systems
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| Spongy bone often contains _________ bone marrow? | Red
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| Red bone marrow produces what? | RBC's, platelets, 5 types of WBC's (hemopoiesis)
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| These type of bones are longer than they are wide? | Long bones
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| Examples of long bones are? | Femur, Humerus
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| The middle long part of the long bone is called? | Diaphysis
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| Another name for Diaphysis is? | Shaft
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| The shaft is a? | Hollow compact bone
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| The shaft contains a what? | Medullary cavity
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| Another name for the medullary cavity is? | Marrow canal
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| The medullary cavity contains ____________ bone marrow and mostly ____________ ______________? | Yellow bone marrow and Adipose tissue
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| The end of the long bone is called? | Epiphyses
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| The epiphyses is spongy bone covered with a __________ layer of ______________ bone? | Thin Compact
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| The ___________ is found between diaphysis and epiphysis? | Metaphysis
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| The metaphysis contains the growth plate called? | Epiphyseal discs
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| These bones are about the same length as width? | Short bones
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| Examples of short bones are? | Carpals and tarsals
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| These bones are flat? | Flat bones
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| Examples of flat bones are? | Ilia, skull and ribs
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| These bones are in irregular shapes? | Irregular bones
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| Examples of irregular bones are? | Vertebrae, facial
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| Short flat and irregular bones are all made of ___________ bone covered with a think layer of __________ bone? | Spongy and Compact
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| Hyaline cartilage that covers the opposing surfaces of synovial joints? | Articular cartilage
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| Articular cartilage is very __________ to reduce __________? | Smooth Friction
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| Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers bone is called? | Periosteum
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| Periosteum does not cover where ____________ ____________ is? | Articular Cartilage
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| The fibers of the periosteum merge with _________ and __________ to attach them to the bone. | Ligaments and tendons
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| Periosteum contains _____ _________ and _________? | Blood vessels and nerves
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| Periosteum also contains __________ that become active after injury? | Osteoblasts
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| During embryonic growth the skeleton is a template of _______ or _______ ___________ tissue? | Cartillage or Fibrous Connective
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| The two types of bone development are? | Intramembranousossification and Endochondralossification
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| The intramembranous ossification includes the flat bones of the __________ and the ____________ __________? | Skull and Facial bones
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| 2 membranes of fibrous connective tissues are formed in which type of bone development? | Intrmembranous
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| In the 3rd month of development ______________ differentiate from ____________ that are present? | Osteoblasts and Fiberblasts
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| Osteoblasts form bone matrix in a process called? | Ossification
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| Intermembranous ossification begins at a? | Ossification center in each bone
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| The soft spot of fibrous tissue membranes still present at birth are called? | Fontanel
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| Fontanel allow for what? | Compression of the skill during birth
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| Fontanel also do what? | Permit growth
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| By what age is the fontanel ossified? | 2
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| Endochondral ossification is where ____________ is replaced by bone from osteoblasts? | Cartilage
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| Most of the skeleton is made during which ossification? | Endochondral
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| _______ ossification centers are where bone forms first? | Primary
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| _____ ossification centers are where bone forms second? | Secondary
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| In long bones the ______ __________ is a secondary center of ossification in each opiphysis? | epiphyseal disc or growth plate
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| Cells that break down bone by resorption are called? | Osteoclasts
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| Bone begins as ____ marrow in the diaphysis but is replaced by ________ marrow after birth? | Red and yellow
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| The genetic potential for height and bone mass is? | Heredity
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| What provides building blocks? | Nutrition
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| Vit. D is required for __________ of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine? | Absorption
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| Vit. A & C are important for the protein part of the ___________? | Matrix
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| What gives bone feedback to cause it to strengthen itself? | Exercise or physical stress
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| Decreased bone matrix causing weakness and a higher potential for fracture? | Osteoporosis
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| What are 2 divisions of the skeleton? | Axial and Appendicular
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| The axial skeleton form the? | Axis of the body
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| The axis of the body includes the? | Skull, spine, thoracic (rib) cage
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| The appendicular skeleton forms the? | Appendages and girdles
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| The fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone is called? | The ligament
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| A hole or opening feature in bone is called? | Foramen
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| A depression or dent feature in bone is called? | Fossa
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| A ridge or edge feature in bone is called? | The crest
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| A tunnel or passage feature in bone is called? | Meatus
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| A projection or something that sticks out feature in bone is called? | Process
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| 2 bone features that can be flat projections are called? | Facet or Plate
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| 2 bone features that can be rounded projections are called? | Condyle or Tubercle
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| A round projection bone feature is called? | Tuberosity
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| There are how many cranial bones? | 8
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| There are how many facial bones? | 14
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| There are how many auditory ossicles? | 6
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| What bones surround the brain and protect it and the eyes and ears? | Cranial bones
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| The Occipital Bone is a large hole or called the? | Foramen Magnum
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| The foramen magnum is? | A spinal cord passageway
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| 2 joint surfaces lateral to foramen magnum that articulate with the atlas and axis? | Condyles
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| What bone is shaped like a bat? | Sphenoid bone
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| The sphenoid bone contains the __________ __________ that holds the pituitary gland? | Sella Turcica
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| The vertical projection that anchors the cranial meninges? | Crista galli
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| 4 curly bones on lateral wall of nasal cavity? | Superior conchae
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| The holes that fibers from the olfactory nerves project through? | Cribiform plate
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| The joints of the skull are called? | Sutures
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| Between frontal and parietal bones? | Coronal
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| Between parietal and temporal bones? | Squamosal
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| Between parietal and occipital bones? | Lamdoidal
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| Between parietal bones? | Sagittal
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| The lower jaw is? | The mandible
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| The mandible is the only? | Movable bone
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| The paired upper jaw bones are? | Maxillae
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| The maxillae form ___________ part of hard palate and maxillary __________? | Anterior part and maxillary sinuses
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| What forms the bridge of the nose? | Nasal bones
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| The cheek bone is called? | Zygomatic bone
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| The posterior part of hard palate? | Palatine bone
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| The lover part of nasal septum? | Vomer
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| The 2 curly bones on lateral nasal cavity? | Inferior conchae
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| What is another name for Vertebral Column? | Spine, spinal column or backbone
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| There are how many cervical vertebrae? | 7 C1-C7
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| How many Thoracic vertebrae are there? | 12 T1-T12
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| How many Lumbar vertebrae are there? | 5 L1-L5
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| How many sacral vertebrae are there? | 5 fused S1-S-5
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| How many Coccygeal vertebrae are there? | 4-5 CO1-CO5
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| C1 of the neck is called the? | Atlas
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| C2 of the neck is called the? | Axis
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| The atlas holds up the world or your? | Head
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| The axis is a _______ joint? | Pivot
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| What vertebrae articulate with ribs on the body? | Thoracic
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| The canal formed by the vertebral arches that the spinal cord passes through? | Vertebral Canal
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| Vertebrae are connected with what? | Ligaments and discs
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| The pad between bodies is called? | Fibrocartilage
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| The normal curve of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae is called? | Lordosis
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| The normal curve of the Thoracic and sacral vertebrae is called? | Kyphosis
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| Lateral curves are not normal they are called? | Scoliosis
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| The rib cage has ________ pairs of ribs? | 12
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| The sternum includes 3 parts what are they? | Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid
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| The cartilage on the anterior aspect that attach ribs to the sternum is called? | Costal cartilage
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| How many true ribs are there? | 7
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| Which ribs are the true ribs? | 1-7
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| What are the true ribs true? | Because they articulate directly with the sternum.
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| How many false ribs are there? | 3
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| Which ribs are the false ribs? | 8-10
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| Why are the false ribs false? | The costal cartilage only combines with 1-7
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| How many ribs are floating ribs? | 2
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| Which ribs are floating ribs? | 11 and 12
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| Why are floating ribs called floating ribs? | Because they do not articulate with the sternum
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| The ____ _________ attaches the upper extermity to the axial skeleton? | Shoulder girdle
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| The shoulder girdle includes the ________ and ___________? | Scapula and clavicle
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| The lateral depression for the head of the humerus is called? | Glenoid fossa
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| ______ ___________ attaches to the clavicle to form the AC joint? | Acromian process
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| The long bone in the upper are is called? | Humerus
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| Attachment of the deltoid muscle is called? | Deltoid tubercle
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| _________ articulates with the head of the radius? | Capitulum
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| The medial of the 2 forearm bones is called the? | Ulna
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| The lateral of the two forearm bones is called the? | Radius
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| The radius allows ___________ and _________ of the hand? | Pronation and supination
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| How many bones are found in the carpals? | 8
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| The longs bones found in the hand that attach proximally to the carpals and distally to the phalanges? | Metacarpals
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| The bones of the finer are called? | Phalanges
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| There are _ phalanges found in each finger and toe? | 3
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| There are _ phalanges found in the thumb and big toe? | 2
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| The pelvic girdle is made of the pelvic bones called? | OS Coxae and inominate
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| The OS coxae are made of 3 bones that fuse during development called? | Ilium, ischium and pubis
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| Female pelvises are ______ than males? | Wider
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| The _________ socket forms a ball and socket joint with the head of the femur? | Acetabelum
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| The long bone of the thigh is called? | Femur
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| The lateral projection on the proximal end is called? | Greater trochanter
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| The greater trochanter anchors what? | Abductors
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| The medial projection on the proximal end is called? | Lesser trochanter
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| The lesser trochanter anchors what? | extensors and adductors
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| The weight bearing bone of the lower leg? | Tibia
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| The anterior crest forms the what? | Tibial tuberosity
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| The non weight bearing bone of the lower leg? | Fibula
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| The fibula serves as the attachment site for? | Muscles
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| The seven ankle bones are called? | Tarsals
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| The _______ articulates with the tibia? | Talus
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| The largest tarsal and also called the heal bone is the? | Calcaneus
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| The foot bones are called? | Metatarsals
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| The big toe is called the? | Halux
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| ______ are immobile and made of cranial and facial sutures? | Synarthrosis
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| ___________ are slightly movable are are made of pubic symphysis IVD's? | Amphiarthrosis
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| ________ are freely movable like the shoulder, knee, elbow and are called synovial joints? | Diarthrosis
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| The cartilage found on the joint surface of each bone? | Hyaline cartilage
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| The sacs of synovial fluid that provide cushion are called? | Bursa
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| The bursa can be found surrounding what? | Tendons and boney prominences
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| Inflammation of the bursa is called? | Bursitis
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| With age mineral loss tends to become greater than bone growth this is called? | Bone mineral loss
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| Another name for degeneration is? | Osteoarthritis
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| DJD is? | Degenerative joint disease
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| DDD is? | Degenerative disc disease
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| The growth of bone through a ligament or tendon? | Osteophytosis
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| Irritation of periosteum increases osteoblast activity this is called what? | Bony hypertrophy
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| Erosion of articular cartilage is generally found in what type of joints? | Weight bearing
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