Skeletal System
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| Skeletal system provides | Support and Protection
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| Skeletal System protection | organs
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| Hemopoiesis | Blood formation
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| Produced in red bone marrow | Hemopoiesis
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| From stem cells | Hemopoiesis
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| Long bones and epiphyses of flat bones | Hemopoiesis
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| Skeletal system provides_______storage | Calcium
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| Calcium storage | Allows blood calcium to be maintained
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| Calcium storage | Essential for many body functions
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| Bone tissue is _______tissue | Connective
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| Bone cells are called | Osteocytes
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| Bone matrix is made of | Calcium salts and collagen
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| Bone tissue changes______(rarely, constant) | Constantly
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| Types of bone tissue (2) | Compact, Spongy
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| Compact bone (aka) | Cortical bone
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| Compact bone made of columns called… | Osteons or Haversion system
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| ______rings surround a central _____ canal | Concentric/Haversion
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| Haversian canals contain_____ | blood vessels
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| Osteocytes are called ______ | Lacuna
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| Osteocytes communicate via____ | Canaliculi
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| Spongy bone (aka) | Cancelous bone
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| Spongy bone is ____(very porous,not porous) | Very porous
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| Spongy bone (is, not) arranged into haversian canals | Not
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| Spongy bone often contain______ | Red bone marrow
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| Spongy bone produces_____, ______and_____ | RBC, platelets, WBC
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| Longer than they are wide | Long bone
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| IE of long bone | Femur and Humerus
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| Parts of long bone | Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Metaphysis
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| Diaphysis (aka) | Shaft (middle long part)
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| Diaphysis characteristics | Hallow, Compact bone, Medullary
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| Medullary (aka) | Marrow canal
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| Diaphysis contain______-mostly adipose | Yellow marrow
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| Epiphysis (aka) | Ends of bone
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| Metaphysis is located | Between diaphysis and epiphysis
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| Metaphysis contains the _____ plate during ____ | Growth, Growth
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| Growth plate (aka) | Epiphyseal disc
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| Bones about the same length and width | Short bones
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| IE of short bones | Carpals and Tarsals
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| Bones that are flat | Flat bones
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| IE of flat bones | Ilia, skull and ribs
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| Bones that are irregularly shaped | Irregular bones
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| IE of irregular bones | Vertebrae and facial bones
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| Articular cartilage is _____ to reduce friction | Smooth
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| Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers bone | Periosteum
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| Periosteum contains_____ | Blood vessels and nerves
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| Periosteum contains_____that become active after injury | osteocytes
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| During the _____growth the skeleton is a template/model | Embryonic
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| Types of bone development(2) | Intramembranous ossification, Endochondria ossification
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| Cranial and facial bones are made of | Flat bones
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| Osteoblasts form bone matrix in a process called | Ossification
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| Ossification occurs when ______form bone matrix | Osteoblasts
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| Soft spots | Fontanel
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| Fibrous connective membrane still present at birth | Fontanel
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| Fontanel allows______of the skull during birth | Compression
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| Fontanels ossify by age___ | Two
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| Most of the body is made of _______ossification | Endochondrial
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| Various centers of_____in different bones | Ossification
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| ____ossification is where bone forms first | Primary
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| Where bone forms first | Primary ossification
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| ____ossification centers are where bone forms second | Secondary ossification
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| Where bone is formed second | Secondary ossification
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| In long bones the ______is a ______center of ossification | Epiphyseal, secondary
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| ossification= occurs on the ____side | Diaphysis
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| Cells that break down bone by reabsorption | Osteoblasts
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| Osteoblasts function in _____and ____of bone | Maintenance, repair
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| Factors that effect growth and maintenance | Heredity, Nutrition, Hormones, Exercise or physical stress
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| Genetic potential for height and bone mass | Heredity
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| Provides building blocks | Nutrition
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| Vit A and C are important for the protein part of the ___- | Matrix
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| Gives bone feedback to cause it to strengthen itself | Exercise or physical stress
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| The skeleton has__ divisions | Two
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| 2 skeletal division | Axial, Appendicular
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| Forms the asis of the body | Axial Skeleton
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| Skull, spine, thoracic cage are part of ______skeleton | Axial
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| Forms the appendages and girdles | Appendicular skeleton
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| Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone | Ligaments
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| Hole or opening (base of the skull) | Foramen
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| Depression, dent (shoulder) | Fossa
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| Ridge, edge (ilian crest) | Crest
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| Tunnel, passage | Meatus
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| Projection | Process
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| Flat projection (posterior spine, joints) | Facet
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| Rounded projection (end of femus) | Condyle
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| Flat projection (septum, ethmoid) | Plate
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| ______and_____(flat projections) are NEVER interchangable | Facet, Plate
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| Round projection | Tubercle
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| Round projection | Tuberocity
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| Surrounds and protects the brain, eyes, and ears | Cranial bones
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| # Cervical vertebrae | Seven
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| # Thoracic vertebrae | Twelve
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| #Lumbar vertebreae | Five
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| #Sacral Vertebrae | Five
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| #Coccygeal vertebrae | four/five
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| Cervical vertebrae | C1-C7
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| Thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12
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| Lumbar Vertebrae | L1-L5
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| Sacral | S1-S5
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| Coccygeal | CO1-CO5
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| Typical anatomy of spine | Body, Spinous process, Transverse process, Facet, Rib facet
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| Weight bearing part | Body
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| Spinous process | Posterior projection bumps
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| Transvers process | Lateral projection
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| Superior and inferior joints | Facet
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| Thoracic only | Rib facet
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| Cervical (aka) | Neck
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| C1 (aka) | Atlas
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| Holds up the "world" | Atlas
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| Articulates with occipital condyles-nodding motion | Atlas
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| C2 (aka) | Axis
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| C1 pivots on C2 | Axis
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| Odontoid process-pivot joint | Axis
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| 50-70% of rotation | Axis
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| Thoracic (aka) | Dorsal
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| Lumbar(aka) | Low back
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| "Tailbone" | Sacrum
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| Vestigial structure that is a remnant of a tail | Coccyx
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| Vertebrae connects with _____and_____ | Ligaments, Disks
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| Projections serve as attachment sites for_____ | muscles
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| Fibrocartilage pad between boddies | Discs
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| Symphysis joints have | Little movement
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| Discs are ____joints | Symphysis
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| Discs permit ____and ____movement | Cushion, Movement
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| There are ____normal A-P Curves | Four
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| Lordosis | Curve in the Cervical and lumbar region
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| Kyphosis | Curve in Thoracic and Sacral region
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| Later curves (are, not) normal | Not
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| Lateral curve greater than 15 degrees | Scoliosis
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| Superior sternum | Manubrium
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| Main, body Sternum | Sternum-Gladiolum
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| Inferior sternum | Xiphoid process
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| Cartilage on the anterior aspect that attach ribs to sternum | Costal cartilage
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| Ribs 1-7 are called | True ribs
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| Articulate directly with the sternum | True ribs
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| Ribs 8-10 are called | Flase ribs
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| Costal cartilage combines with 7th ribs | False rib
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| Ribs 11 & 12 are called | Floating ribs
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| Do not articulate with the sternum | Floating ribs
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| Arch runs A-P | Longitudinal arch
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| "Arch of foot" | Longitudinal arch
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| Arch runs transvers to longitudical | Transverse arch
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| Arch along toe line | Transverse arch
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| Adaptation for walking | Arch of foot
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| Supported by ligaments | Arch of foot
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| Articulations (aka) | Joints
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| Joints are classified on | Amount of motion, anatomy of joint
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| Joints without movement (cranial and facial sutures) | Synarthrosis
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| Slightly movable (pubic symphysis IVD) | Amphiarthrosis
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| Free moving (shoulder, knee, elbow) | Diarthrosis
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| Synovial membrane lines the capsule | Synovial joint
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| Hyaline cartilage on the joint surface of each bone | Synovial joint
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| Sacs of synovial fluid that provide cushion | Bursa
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| Can be found surrounding tendon or bony prominence | Bursa
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| Permits tendons to slide easliy | Bursa
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| Bursae can be found on ____or _____- | Tendons, bony porminences
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| Osteoarthritis (aka) | Degeneration
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| DDD | Degenerative disc disease
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| DJD | Degenerative joint disease
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| Erosion of articular cartilage | Degeneration
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| groth of bone through a ligamentor tendon | Osteophytosis
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| irritation of peristeum increse oseoblast activity | Bony hypertrophy
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| Allows movement by providing attachment sites for skeletal muscles | Framework
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| Calcium storage | Allows blood calcium to be maintained
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| Epiphysis is made of ____bone covered with a thin layer of______bone | Spongy, Compact
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| Short, Flat, and irregular bones are made of_____bone covered with thin layers of_____bone | Spongy, Compact
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| Periosteum (does, does not) cover where articular cartilage is | Does not
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| Fibers merge with ______and ______ to attach them to the bone | Ligaments and Tendons
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| During the embryonic growth the skeleton is a template/model of______ or _____ ______tissue | Model cartilage, fibrous connective
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| _____(#) membranes of fibrous connective tissue are formed during ossification | Two
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| In the 3 month of development ______differentiate from______that are present | Osteoblast, Fibroblasts
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| During endochondrial ossification______/template is replaced by bone form osteoblasts | Cartilage model
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| Ossification sites close at age 16-25 under the influence of_____or_____ | Estrogen, Testosterone
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| Osteoblasts reabsorb the inner diaphysis of long bones to form____- | Medullary
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| Vit D is required for ____of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestines | Absorption
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| Decrese bone matrix causeing weakness and higher potential for fracture | Osteoporosis
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| Made of 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones, 6 auditory ossicles, hyoid bone | Skull
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| Typical anatomy of spine | Body, Spinous process, Transverse process, Facet, Rib facet
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| Articulates with ribs on the body and transvers process on each side | Thoracic
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| Lordosis | Curve in the Cervical and lumbar region
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| Protects organs and provides attachement for muscles to allow breathing | Rib cage
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| Joint Capsule made of fibrous connective tissue surronds joint | Synovial joint
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| Foramen Magnum means | Large hole
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| Foramen magnum is the _____passageway | Spinal cord
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| 2 joint surfaces lateral to foramen mangum that articulate with the skull | COndyles
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| Condyles articulate with ____- | Skull
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| Shaped like a bad | Shenoid bone
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| Sphenoid bone contains the ______ that holds the pituitary gland | Sellar turcia
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| Vertical prjection that anchors the cranial menengis | Crista galli
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| Forms the upper nasal septum | Perpindicular plate
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| Holes that fibers from the olfactory nerves project through | Cribriform plate
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| 4 Curly bones on the lateral wall of nasal cavity | superior conchae
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| Joints in the skull | Sutures
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| Joints of skull are ____- | Immobile
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| Joint between frontal and parietal bones | COronal
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| Joint between parietal and temporal bones | Squamous
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| Joint between parietal and occipital bones | Lambdoidal
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| Joint between parietal bones | Sagittal
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| Lower jaw | Mandible
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| The only moveable facial bone | Mandible
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| Paired upper jaw bones | Maxillae
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| Maxilla form the _____ part of the hard palate | anterior
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| Forms the bridge of nose | Nasal bone
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| Medial orbit | Lacrimal bone
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| "Cheek bone" | Zygomatic bone
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| Posterior part of the hard palate | Palatine bone
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| Lower part of nasal sinus | Vomer
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| 2 culy bones on lateral nasal cavity | Inferior conchae
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| Shoulder girdle (aka) | Pectoral Girdle
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| Attaches the upper extremety to axial skeleton | Shoulder girdle
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| Shoulder girdle includes (2) | Scapula and clavicle
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| Scapula (aka) | Shoulder blade
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| Sererates the infraspinous and superspinous fossae | Spine of the scapula
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| Attachment for the bicepital tendons | Corocoid process
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| Joint capsule for the head of the humerus | Glenoid fossa
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| Glenoid fossa forms a _____and_____joint | Ball and socket
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| Attaches to clavicle to form the AC joint | Acromian process
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| Clavicle (aka) | Collar bone
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| _____end of the clavicle attaches to the acromion proces | Acromial
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| _____end of the clavicle attaches to the sternum at the manubrium | Sternal
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| Long bone in upper arm | Humerus
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| Deltoid_____attaches to the deltoid muscle | Tubercle
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| ______end of humerus articulates with the ulna to form a hinge joint | Distal
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| Articulates with the head of the radius | Capitulum
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| Medial of the 2 forearm bones | Ulna
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| Lateral of the 2 forearm bones | Radium
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| Allows pronation and supination of the hand | Radium
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| lond bones in the hand | Metacarpals
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| Pelvic girdle (aka) | Pelvis
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| Pelvic girdle is made of bones called | Coxae or innominate bones
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| Coxae is made of (3)bones thate fuse during development | Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
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| Forms the ball and socket joint with the head of the femur | Acetabulum
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| Weight bearing jont | Acetabulum
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| Long bone of the thigh | Femur
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| lateral projection on the proximal end of femur | Greater trochanter
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| Medial projection on the promimal end of femur | Lesser trochanter
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| "kneecap" | Patella
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| Weight bearing bone of lower leg | Tibia
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| None weight bearing bone of lower leg | Fibula
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| Tarsals have ___ ankle bones | 7
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| Heel bone (aka | Calcaneus
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| Largest tarsal | Calcaneus
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