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S. Anat6
Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal system provides | Support and Protection |
| Skeletal System protection | organs |
| Hemopoiesis | Blood formation |
| Produced in red bone marrow | Hemopoiesis |
| From stem cells | Hemopoiesis |
| Long bones and epiphyses of flat bones | Hemopoiesis |
| Skeletal system provides_______storage | Calcium |
| Calcium storage | Allows blood calcium to be maintained |
| Calcium storage | Essential for many body functions |
| Bone tissue is _______tissue | Connective |
| Bone cells are called | Osteocytes |
| Bone matrix is made of | Calcium salts and collagen |
| Bone tissue changes______(rarely, constant) | Constantly |
| Types of bone tissue (2) | Compact, Spongy |
| Compact bone (aka) | Cortical bone |
| Compact bone made of columns called… | Osteons or Haversion system |
| ______rings surround a central _____ canal | Concentric/Haversion |
| Haversian canals contain_____ | blood vessels |
| Osteocytes are called ______ | Lacuna |
| Osteocytes communicate via____ | Canaliculi |
| Spongy bone (aka) | Cancelous bone |
| Spongy bone is ____(very porous,not porous) | Very porous |
| Spongy bone (is, not) arranged into haversian canals | Not |
| Spongy bone often contain______ | Red bone marrow |
| Spongy bone produces_____, ______and_____ | RBC, platelets, WBC |
| Longer than they are wide | Long bone |
| IE of long bone | Femur and Humerus |
| Parts of long bone | Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Metaphysis |
| Diaphysis (aka) | Shaft (middle long part) |
| Diaphysis characteristics | Hallow, Compact bone, Medullary |
| Medullary (aka) | Marrow canal |
| Diaphysis contain______-mostly adipose | Yellow marrow |
| Epiphysis (aka) | Ends of bone |
| Metaphysis is located | Between diaphysis and epiphysis |
| Metaphysis contains the _____ plate during ____ | Growth, Growth |
| Growth plate (aka) | Epiphyseal disc |
| Bones about the same length and width | Short bones |
| IE of short bones | Carpals and Tarsals |
| Bones that are flat | Flat bones |
| IE of flat bones | Ilia, skull and ribs |
| Bones that are irregularly shaped | Irregular bones |
| IE of irregular bones | Vertebrae and facial bones |
| Articular cartilage is _____ to reduce friction | Smooth |
| Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers bone | Periosteum |
| Periosteum contains_____ | Blood vessels and nerves |
| Periosteum contains_____that become active after injury | osteocytes |
| During the _____growth the skeleton is a template/model | Embryonic |
| Types of bone development(2) | Intramembranous ossification, Endochondria ossification |
| Cranial and facial bones are made of | Flat bones |
| Osteoblasts form bone matrix in a process called | Ossification |
| Ossification occurs when ______form bone matrix | Osteoblasts |
| Soft spots | Fontanel |
| Fibrous connective membrane still present at birth | Fontanel |
| Fontanel allows______of the skull during birth | Compression |
| Fontanels ossify by age___ | Two |
| Most of the body is made of _______ossification | Endochondrial |
| Various centers of_____in different bones | Ossification |
| ____ossification is where bone forms first | Primary |
| Where bone forms first | Primary ossification |
| ____ossification centers are where bone forms second | Secondary ossification |
| Where bone is formed second | Secondary ossification |
| In long bones the ______is a ______center of ossification | Epiphyseal, secondary |
| ossification= occurs on the ____side | Diaphysis |
| Cells that break down bone by reabsorption | Osteoblasts |
| Osteoblasts function in _____and ____of bone | Maintenance, repair |
| Factors that effect growth and maintenance | Heredity, Nutrition, Hormones, Exercise or physical stress |
| Genetic potential for height and bone mass | Heredity |
| Provides building blocks | Nutrition |
| Vit A and C are important for the protein part of the ___- | Matrix |
| Gives bone feedback to cause it to strengthen itself | Exercise or physical stress |
| The skeleton has__ divisions | Two |
| 2 skeletal division | Axial, Appendicular |
| Forms the asis of the body | Axial Skeleton |
| Skull, spine, thoracic cage are part of ______skeleton | Axial |
| Forms the appendages and girdles | Appendicular skeleton |
| Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone | Ligaments |
| Hole or opening (base of the skull) | Foramen |
| Depression, dent (shoulder) | Fossa |
| Ridge, edge (ilian crest) | Crest |
| Tunnel, passage | Meatus |
| Projection | Process |
| Flat projection (posterior spine, joints) | Facet |
| Rounded projection (end of femus) | Condyle |
| Flat projection (septum, ethmoid) | Plate |
| ______and_____(flat projections) are NEVER interchangable | Facet, Plate |
| Round projection | Tubercle |
| Round projection | Tuberocity |
| Surrounds and protects the brain, eyes, and ears | Cranial bones |
| # Cervical vertebrae | Seven |
| # Thoracic vertebrae | Twelve |
| #Lumbar vertebreae | Five |
| #Sacral Vertebrae | Five |
| #Coccygeal vertebrae | four/five |
| Cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
| Thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 |
| Lumbar Vertebrae | L1-L5 |
| Sacral | S1-S5 |
| Coccygeal | CO1-CO5 |
| Typical anatomy of spine | Body, Spinous process, Transverse process, Facet, Rib facet |
| Weight bearing part | Body |
| Spinous process | Posterior projection bumps |
| Transvers process | Lateral projection |
| Superior and inferior joints | Facet |
| Thoracic only | Rib facet |
| Cervical (aka) | Neck |
| C1 (aka) | Atlas |
| Holds up the "world" | Atlas |
| Articulates with occipital condyles-nodding motion | Atlas |
| C2 (aka) | Axis |
| C1 pivots on C2 | Axis |
| Odontoid process-pivot joint | Axis |
| 50-70% of rotation | Axis |
| Thoracic (aka) | Dorsal |
| Lumbar(aka) | Low back |
| "Tailbone" | Sacrum |
| Vestigial structure that is a remnant of a tail | Coccyx |
| Vertebrae connects with _____and_____ | Ligaments, Disks |
| Projections serve as attachment sites for_____ | muscles |
| Fibrocartilage pad between boddies | Discs |
| Symphysis joints have | Little movement |
| Discs are ____joints | Symphysis |
| Discs permit ____and ____movement | Cushion, Movement |
| There are ____normal A-P Curves | Four |
| Lordosis | Curve in the Cervical and lumbar region |
| Kyphosis | Curve in Thoracic and Sacral region |
| Later curves (are, not) normal | Not |
| Lateral curve greater than 15 degrees | Scoliosis |
| Superior sternum | Manubrium |
| Main, body Sternum | Sternum-Gladiolum |
| Inferior sternum | Xiphoid process |
| Cartilage on the anterior aspect that attach ribs to sternum | Costal cartilage |
| Ribs 1-7 are called | True ribs |
| Articulate directly with the sternum | True ribs |
| Ribs 8-10 are called | Flase ribs |
| Costal cartilage combines with 7th ribs | False rib |
| Ribs 11 & 12 are called | Floating ribs |
| Do not articulate with the sternum | Floating ribs |
| Arch runs A-P | Longitudinal arch |
| "Arch of foot" | Longitudinal arch |
| Arch runs transvers to longitudical | Transverse arch |
| Arch along toe line | Transverse arch |
| Adaptation for walking | Arch of foot |
| Supported by ligaments | Arch of foot |
| Articulations (aka) | Joints |
| Joints are classified on | Amount of motion, anatomy of joint |
| Joints without movement (cranial and facial sutures) | Synarthrosis |
| Slightly movable (pubic symphysis IVD) | Amphiarthrosis |
| Free moving (shoulder, knee, elbow) | Diarthrosis |
| Synovial membrane lines the capsule | Synovial joint |
| Hyaline cartilage on the joint surface of each bone | Synovial joint |
| Sacs of synovial fluid that provide cushion | Bursa |
| Can be found surrounding tendon or bony prominence | Bursa |
| Permits tendons to slide easliy | Bursa |
| Bursae can be found on ____or _____- | Tendons, bony porminences |
| Osteoarthritis (aka) | Degeneration |
| DDD | Degenerative disc disease |
| DJD | Degenerative joint disease |
| Erosion of articular cartilage | Degeneration |
| groth of bone through a ligamentor tendon | Osteophytosis |
| irritation of peristeum increse oseoblast activity | Bony hypertrophy |
| Allows movement by providing attachment sites for skeletal muscles | Framework |
| Calcium storage | Allows blood calcium to be maintained |
| Epiphysis is made of ____bone covered with a thin layer of______bone | Spongy, Compact |
| Short, Flat, and irregular bones are made of_____bone covered with thin layers of_____bone | Spongy, Compact |
| Periosteum (does, does not) cover where articular cartilage is | Does not |
| Fibers merge with ______and ______ to attach them to the bone | Ligaments and Tendons |
| During the embryonic growth the skeleton is a template/model of______ or _____ ______tissue | Model cartilage, fibrous connective |
| _____(#) membranes of fibrous connective tissue are formed during ossification | Two |
| In the 3 month of development ______differentiate from______that are present | Osteoblast, Fibroblasts |
| During endochondrial ossification______/template is replaced by bone form osteoblasts | Cartilage model |
| Ossification sites close at age 16-25 under the influence of_____or_____ | Estrogen, Testosterone |
| Osteoblasts reabsorb the inner diaphysis of long bones to form____- | Medullary |
| Vit D is required for ____of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestines | Absorption |
| Decrese bone matrix causeing weakness and higher potential for fracture | Osteoporosis |
| Made of 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones, 6 auditory ossicles, hyoid bone | Skull |
| Typical anatomy of spine | Body, Spinous process, Transverse process, Facet, Rib facet |
| Articulates with ribs on the body and transvers process on each side | Thoracic |
| Lordosis | Curve in the Cervical and lumbar region |
| Protects organs and provides attachement for muscles to allow breathing | Rib cage |
| Joint Capsule made of fibrous connective tissue surronds joint | Synovial joint |
| Foramen Magnum means | Large hole |
| Foramen magnum is the _____passageway | Spinal cord |
| 2 joint surfaces lateral to foramen mangum that articulate with the skull | COndyles |
| Condyles articulate with ____- | Skull |
| Shaped like a bad | Shenoid bone |
| Sphenoid bone contains the ______ that holds the pituitary gland | Sellar turcia |
| Vertical prjection that anchors the cranial menengis | Crista galli |
| Forms the upper nasal septum | Perpindicular plate |
| Holes that fibers from the olfactory nerves project through | Cribriform plate |
| 4 Curly bones on the lateral wall of nasal cavity | superior conchae |
| Joints in the skull | Sutures |
| Joints of skull are ____- | Immobile |
| Joint between frontal and parietal bones | COronal |
| Joint between parietal and temporal bones | Squamous |
| Joint between parietal and occipital bones | Lambdoidal |
| Joint between parietal bones | Sagittal |
| Lower jaw | Mandible |
| The only moveable facial bone | Mandible |
| Paired upper jaw bones | Maxillae |
| Maxilla form the _____ part of the hard palate | anterior |
| Forms the bridge of nose | Nasal bone |
| Medial orbit | Lacrimal bone |
| "Cheek bone" | Zygomatic bone |
| Posterior part of the hard palate | Palatine bone |
| Lower part of nasal sinus | Vomer |
| 2 culy bones on lateral nasal cavity | Inferior conchae |
| Shoulder girdle (aka) | Pectoral Girdle |
| Attaches the upper extremety to axial skeleton | Shoulder girdle |
| Shoulder girdle includes (2) | Scapula and clavicle |
| Scapula (aka) | Shoulder blade |
| Sererates the infraspinous and superspinous fossae | Spine of the scapula |
| Attachment for the bicepital tendons | Corocoid process |
| Joint capsule for the head of the humerus | Glenoid fossa |
| Glenoid fossa forms a _____and_____joint | Ball and socket |
| Attaches to clavicle to form the AC joint | Acromian process |
| Clavicle (aka) | Collar bone |
| _____end of the clavicle attaches to the acromion proces | Acromial |
| _____end of the clavicle attaches to the sternum at the manubrium | Sternal |
| Long bone in upper arm | Humerus |
| Deltoid_____attaches to the deltoid muscle | Tubercle |
| ______end of humerus articulates with the ulna to form a hinge joint | Distal |
| Articulates with the head of the radius | Capitulum |
| Medial of the 2 forearm bones | Ulna |
| Lateral of the 2 forearm bones | Radium |
| Allows pronation and supination of the hand | Radium |
| lond bones in the hand | Metacarpals |
| Pelvic girdle (aka) | Pelvis |
| Pelvic girdle is made of bones called | Coxae or innominate bones |
| Coxae is made of (3)bones thate fuse during development | Ilium, Ischium, Pubis |
| Forms the ball and socket joint with the head of the femur | Acetabulum |
| Weight bearing jont | Acetabulum |
| Long bone of the thigh | Femur |
| lateral projection on the proximal end of femur | Greater trochanter |
| Medial projection on the promimal end of femur | Lesser trochanter |
| "kneecap" | Patella |
| Weight bearing bone of lower leg | Tibia |
| None weight bearing bone of lower leg | Fibula |
| Tarsals have ___ ankle bones | 7 |
| Heel bone (aka | Calcaneus |
| Largest tarsal | Calcaneus |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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