Chapter 15 vocab
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| antiseptic | substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms
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| arteriole | smallest branch of an artery
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| Bowmans capsule | cup shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus: glomerular capsule
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| cortex | outer layer of a body organ or structure
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| dialysate | solution that contains water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood: bath
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| dialysis | process of removing waste products from the blood
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| dwell time | length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity
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| fossa | hollow or depression end of a bone
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| glomerular filtrate | substances that filter out of the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli
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| glomerulus | ball shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries
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| hilum | depression, or pit, of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter
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| meatus | opening or tunnel through any part of the body
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| medulla | most internal part of a structure or organ
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| micturition | urination
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| nephrolith | kidney stone: renal calculus
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| peritoneum | specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall: the inner lining of the abdominal cavity
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| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum
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| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| renal calculus | nephrolith
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| renal pelvis | central collecting part of the kidney, narrows into the large upper end of the ureter
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| residual urine | urine that remains in the bladder after urination
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| toxic | poisonous
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| turbid | cloudy
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| uremia | presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood: azotemia
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| ureter | one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
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| urethra | small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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| urinary incontinence | inability to control urination
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| urine | fluid released by the kidneys
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| albuminuria | presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protein
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| anuria | cessation (stopping) of urine production
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| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| fatigue | state of exhaustion or loss of strength or endurance
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| frequency | number of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time
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| glycosuria | abnormal presence of sugar in the urine
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| hematuria | abnormal presence of blood in the urine
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| ketonuira | excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine
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| malasie | vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort
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| nocturia | urination, especially excessive at night
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| oliguria | secretion of a diminished amount of urine
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine
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| pyuria | presence of an excessive number of white blood cells in the urine; pus in the urine
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| urgency | feeling of the need to void urine immediately
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| cystits | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| glomerulonephritis (acute) | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys
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| hydronephrosis | distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney
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| polycystic kidney disease | hereditary disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike fluid-filled sacs or cysts replace normal kidney tissue
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| pyelonephritis (acute) | bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney
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| renal failure, chronic | progressively slow development of kidney failure occurring over a period of years
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| vesicoureteral reflux | abnormal backflow or urine from the bladder to the ureter
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| hemodialysis | process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting the patients blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering
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| catheterization | introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or to remove a fluid
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| cystometrography | examination performed to evaluate bladder tone; measuring bladder pressure during filling and voiding
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| cystoscopy | process of viewing the interior of the bladder using a cystoscope
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| intravenous pyelogram | intravenous pyelography or excretory urogram; visualization of the entire urinary tract-kindneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
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| KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) | x-ray of the lower abdomen that defines the size, shape and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | radiographic procedure in which small caliber catheters are passed through a cystoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis
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| urinalysis | physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine
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| 24 hour urine specimen | collection of all the urine excreted by the individual over a 24 hour period: composite urine specimen
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| voiding cystourethrography | x-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process
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| clean-catch specimen | collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microogranisms normally present on the external genitalia
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| first-voided specimen | collect the first voided specimen of the morning and to refrigerate it until it can be taken to the medical office or lab
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| random specimen | urine specimen that is collected at any time
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