genitourinary and male repro systems
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| A/G | albumin-globulin ratio
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| AGN | acute glomerulonephritis
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| ARF | acute renal failure
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| ATN | acute tubular necrosis
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| BNO | bladder neck obstruction
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| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia
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| BUN | blood, urea, nitrogen
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| C & S | culture and sensitivity
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| cath | catheterization
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| cysto | cystoscopy
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| DRE | digital rectal examination
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| ED | erectile dysfunction
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| ESWL | extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
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| EU | excretory urography
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| HD | hemodialysis
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| IVP | intravenous pyelography
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| IVU | intravenous urography
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| K | potassium
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder
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| Na | sodium
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| PCNL | percutaneous nephrolithotomy
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| pH | symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| RP | retrograde pyelography
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| SG, sp. gr. | specific gravity
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| TSE | testicular self examination
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| TUR, TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| UA | urinalysis
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| EBT | external beam therapy
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| EMG | electromyogram
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| ESRD | end-stage renal disease
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| GU | genitourinary
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| HTN | hypertension
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| PKD | polycystic kidney disease
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| RP | retrograde pyelogram
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| VCUG | voiding cystourethrography prostate
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| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux
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| acute | having rapid onset, severe symptoms, and a short course
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| aspermia | lack of, or failure to ejaculate sperm
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| anuria | the absence of urine
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| azotemia | metabolic wastes in the blood
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| balanitis | inflammation of the head of the penis
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| benign prostatic hypertrophy | enlargement of the prostate resulting in the inability of the bladder to empty completely
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| bladder | an expendable hollow organ which acts as a temporary reservoir for urine
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| Bowman's Capsule | part of the renal corpuscle; surrounds the glomerulus of the nephron
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| calculi | commonly called stones; usually composed of mineral salts
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| calyx | the cuplike division of the kidney pelvis (pl. calyces)
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| catheterization | to insert a catheter into a cavity to remove body fluid
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| circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin from the head of the penis
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| cryptoorchidism | failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth
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| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| cystectomy | excision of the bladder
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| cystography | the introduction of dye into the bladder providing visualization of the bladder
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| dialysis | removal of the products of urine from the blood bye passage of the solutes through a membrane
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| diuretic | substance which increases the production of urine
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| ejaculation | the expulsion of seminal fluid from the male urethra
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| elimination | to remove, get rid of, exclude; also to pass urine from the bladder or stool from the bowel
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| epididymis | a singly, tightly coiled tube above each testis that stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules
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| epispadias | when the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis
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| excretion | the process of expelling material from the body
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| fistula | an abnormal tube-like passage from a normal cavity or an abscess to a free surface
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| foreskin | loose skin covering the end of the penis
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| frequency | the need to void urine often, though usually only a small amount at a time
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| glomerulus | the microscopic cluster of capillaries within the Bowman's capsule of the nephron
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| gonadotropin | hormonal preparation used to raise sperm count in cases of infertility
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| GU | genitourinary
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| gynecomastia | development of abnormally large breasts in the male
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| hemodialysis | mechanical removal of waste substances from the blood
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| hesitancy | difficulty in starting a urine stream
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| Hilum | the recessed area of the kidney where the ureter and blood vessels enter
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| hydrocele | the accumulation of serous fluid in a cavity
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| impotence | inability of a male to obtain or maintain an erection
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| inguinal canal | passageway in the groin for the spermatic cord in the male
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| inguinal hernia | presence of small intestine in the inguinal canal
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| intravenous pyelography | (IVP) the insertion of a radioplaque material into the vein for the purpose of x-raying the kidneys and ureters
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| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine
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| kidney | fist sized organs in the abdominal cavity whose function is to cleanse or purify the blood
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| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdomen, through an incision just below the navel
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder
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| Lithotripter | a device that destroys urinary stones with laser technology
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| micturation | voiding, urination
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| nephrolith | kidney stone
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| nephrolithiasis | presence or condition of or formation of a kidney stone
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| nephrolysis | surgical separation of an inflamed kidney from adhesions (Scar tissue)
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| nephron | filtering units located in the kidney tissue that continually adjust body conditions to add or remove substances from the blood
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| nephropexy | suspension (suturing) of the kidney
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| nephrotomography | a study in with several planes of the kidney are visualized
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| nocturia | night urination
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| oliguria | scanty/decreased urination
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| orchiectomy | surgical removal of the testes
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| orchidepididymitis | inflammation of the testes and epididymis
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| penis | the male external sex organ
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| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum (the membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs)
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| phimosis | stenosis of the opening of the prepuce preventing retraction of the foreskin
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| polycystic kidney disease | a condition of multiple cysts in the kidneys
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| prostate | a gland of the male reproductive system which surrounds the proximal portion of the urethra
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| prostatectomy | excision of part or all of the prostate gland
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| prostatocystalgia | pain in the prostate and bladder
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| prostatomy | incision into the prostate
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| ptosis | a drooping or dropping of an organ or part, for example the eyelid or kidney
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| puberty | age of sexual maturation
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| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| pyelolithotomy | removal of a stone from the renal pelvis by an incision
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| renal | pertaining to the kidney
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| renal artery | carries waste laden blood to the tubules within the kidney for purification
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| renal pelvis | an enlarged funnel-shaped extension of the ureter
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| renal vein | structure which carries blood away from the kidney
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| residual | pertaining to that which is left as a residue
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| retention | inability to void urine which is present in the bladder
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| secretion | separation of certain materials from the blood by the activity of a gland
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| semen | the mixtures of secretions from the various glands and organs that reproductive system of the male, which is expelled at orgasm
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| sperm | the male gamete or sex cell
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| spermicide | medication used to inhibit the sperm's passage to the ovum. 85% effective as a birth control measure
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| stricture | the narrowing of an opening, tube, or canal, such as the urethra or esophagus
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| TUR/TURP | transurethral resection prostate
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| Uremia | toxic condition of nitrogenous wastes in the blood
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| ureter | slender tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder
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| ureterectasis | dilation of the ureter
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| ureterectomy | removal of the ureter
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| ureterpyelostomy | anastomosis of ureter and renal pelvis
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| ureterovesicostomy | reimplantation of a ureter into the bladder
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| urethra | a membranous tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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| urethrectomy | removal of the urethra
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| urethtritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra
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| urethroscopy | visual examination of the urethra
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| urgency | the sudden need to expel urine or stool
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| urinalysis | urine test which provides general information on the health of the body as a whole
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| urinary system | eliminates harmful products in the blood and filters them through urination
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| urochrome | urine color
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| urologist | one who specializes in the study of the urinary system
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| varicocele | swelling and distention of veins and the spermatic cord
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| vas deferens | excretory duct of the testes
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| vasectomy | the cutting out of a portion of the vas deferens
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