Chabner Ch 7 WWC JJ
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| albumin/o | albumin, a blood protein
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| angi/o | vessel (blood)
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| arteri/o | artery
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| azot/o | nitrogen
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| bacteri/o | bacteria
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| cali/o | calyx (calix) = cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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| calic/o | calyx (calix) = cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder
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| dips/o | thirst
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus = collection of capillaries
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| glyc/o | glucose, sugar
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| glycos/o | glucose, sugar
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| hydr/o | water
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| isch/o | to hold back
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| ket/o | ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
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| keton/o | ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
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| lith/o | stone
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| meat/o | meatus = opening or canal
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| necr/o | death
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| noct/i | night
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| olig/o | scanty
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| py/o | pus
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ren/o | kidney
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| tom/o | to cut
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| tox/o | poison
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| trigon/o | trigone (triangular region of the bladder where ureters enter and urethra exits)
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| ur/o | urine (urea)
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| ureter/o | ureter = tube from each kidney to urinary bladder
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| urethr/o | urethra = tube from urinary bladder to outside of the body
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| urin/o | urine = waste fluid composed of water, salts, & acids
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| vesic/o | urinary bladder
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| -ectasis | stretching, dilation, expansion
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| -emia | blood condition
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| -lithiasis | condition of stones
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| -lithotomy | incision (for removal) of stones
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| -lysis | breakdown, destruction
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -ole | little, small
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -poietin | substance that forms
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| -ptosis | droop, prolapse, fall
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| -rrhaphy | suture
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| -rrhea | flow, discharge
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| -spasm | sudden contraction of muscles
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| -stenosis | tightening, stricture
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| -stomy | new opening (to form a mouth)
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| -tomy | process of cutting
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| -tripsy | to crush
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| -trophy | nourishment; development
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| -ule | little; small
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| -uria | urination; condition of urine
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| a-, an- | no; not; without
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| anti- | against
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| dia- | complete; through
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| dys- | bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
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| en- | in; within
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| peri- | surrounding
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| poly- | many; much
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| retro- | behind; back; backward
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| Bowman capsule | tiny structure surrounding each glomerulus; receives filtered materials from blood
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| calices | cup-like divisions of the renal pelvis that receive urine from the renal tubules
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| cortex | outer region of the kidney
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| glomerulus | collection of capillaries through which materials from the blood are filtered into the Bowman capsule
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| medulla | inner (middle) region of the kidney
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| renal pelvis | central urine-collecting basin in the kidney that narrows into the ureter
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| renal tubules | tubules leading from the Bowman capsule. Urine is formed there as water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream
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| ureters | tubes carrying urine from the kidney to urinary bladder
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| urethra | tube carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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| urinary bladder | muscular sac that serves as a reservoir for urine
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| caliectasis | dilation of a calyx (cup-like collecting region of renal pelvis)
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| caliceal | pertaining to a calyx (cup-like collecting region of renal pelvis)
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| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| cystectomy | removal of the urinary bladder
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| cystostomy | new opening of the bladder to the outside of the body
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| glomerular | pertaining to a glomerulus
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| meatal stenosis | narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body).
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| meatotomy | incision of the meatus
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| paranephric | pertaining to near the kidney
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| nephropathy | disease of the kidney
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| nephroptosis | prolapse (drooping/sagging) of kidney
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| nephrolithotomy | incision to remove a kidney stone
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| nephrosclerosis | hardening of the kidney (arterioles).
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| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney
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| nephrostomy | new opening of the kidney to the outside of the body
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| pyelolithotomy | incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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| pyelogram | record (x-ray) of the renal pelvis
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| renal ischemia | holding back of blood flow to the kidney
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| renal colic | kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney
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| trigonitis | inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder).
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| ureteroplasty | surgical repair of a ureter
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| ureterolithotomy | incision of a ureter to remove a stone
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| ureteroileostomy | new opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after cystectomy).
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| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| urethral stricture | narrowing of the urethra
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| perivesical | pertaining to surrounding the bladder
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| vesicureteral reflux | backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters
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| albuminuria | protein in the urine
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| azotemia | nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous wastes) in the blood
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| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine
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| polydipsia | condition of increased thirst
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| ketosis | abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues
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| ketonuria | ketone bodies (acids and acetone) in the urine
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| nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones
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| nocturia | excessive urination at night
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| oliguria | scanty urination
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| erythropoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| lithotripsy | process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract.
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| uremia | urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition
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| enuresis | bedwetting (literally, “in urine”).
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| diuresis | condition of complete (excessive) urination.
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| antidiuretic hormone | secreted by the pituitary gland and helps to reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream (ADH)
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| urinary incontinence | inability to hold urine in the bladder
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| urinary retention | inability to release urine from the bladder
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| dysuria | difficult, painful urination
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| anuria | no urine is produced
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| glycosuria | sugar in the urine
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| urinalysis | examination of urine to determine presence of abnormal elements
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the kidney glomerulus (collection of capillaries)
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| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of the renal interstitium (connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules)
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| nephrotic syndrome | group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis)
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| polycystic kidneys | multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and upon the kidney
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
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| renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) | cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
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| renal failure | failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function
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| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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| bladder cancer | malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
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| diabetes insipidus | inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH); 'tasteless'
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| diabetes mellitus | inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin; 'sweet'
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| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | lab test to measure urea (nitrogenous waste) levels in the blood
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| magnetic resonance imaging | magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the kidney and surrounding structures in all three planes of the body
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| dialysis | process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
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| hemodialysis (HD) | dialysis with an artificial kidney machine to filter blood and return it to the patient's body
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| peritoneal dialysis (PD) | peritoneal catheter (tube) introduces fluid to the abdominal cavity so wastes pass out of the bloodstream into the cavity, then the fluid is removed. May be CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) or CCPD (continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis)
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| renal biopsy | removal of kidney tissue with microscopic examination by a pathologist
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| renal transplantation | surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient
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