Muscles and accessory structures
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| Muscles and accessory structures make up the what? | Muscular system
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| The muscular system provides ______ and _______? | Movement and Mobility
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| The muscular system produces? | Heat
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| The muscular system includes the ___________ muscles? | Skeletal
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| Muscle cells are specialized for? | Contraction
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| Fibers do what to produce movement? | Shorten
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| Each muscle is made up of thousands of individual muscle called? | Cells AKA fibers
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| Why does the brain need to recruit higher numbers of fibers? | Based on the weight of the object. or Based on the need.
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| What anchors muscle to bone and other muscles? | Tendons
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| Tendons are usually what shape? | Round
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| A flat sheet like tendon is called what? | Aponeurosis
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| Tendons are mad of what connective tissue? | Fibrous
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| What covers the muscle? | Deep fascia
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| Deep fascia merges with ____________ to anchor to bone? | Periosteum
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| Where the muscle originates is called what? | Origin
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| The origin is usually more ___________? | Stationary
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| The opposite end of the origin? | Insertion
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| What are the muscle relationships or arrangements? | Protagonist, Antagonist and Synergist
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| The primary muscle or mover that brings about the desired movement? | Protagonist
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| The muscle that does the opposite of the desired movement? | Antagonist
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| The secondary muscles that bring about the desired movement? | Synergist
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| What lobes in the brain initiate the signal to the muscle in the premotor and motor areas of the cortex? | Frontal lobes
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| What part of the brain coordinates the movements of the muscles? | Cerebellum
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| The sensation of the muscle is sensed in the __________ lobes for conscious input and the _______________ for subconscious input? | Parietal lobes and Cerebellum
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| A slight contraction of muscle that is present most of the time is called what? | Muscle tone
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| Muscle tone changes with what? | Position
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| The heat from normal muscle metabolism is called what? | Thermogenesis
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| Thermogenesis is due to what? | Decomposition and friction
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| Thermogenesis is increased with what? | Increased activity
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| What is another name for muscle sense? | Proprioception
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| The brains awareness of the position of the muscle and the joint? | Proprioception
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| Proprioception is Sensed by what ____________ receptors? | Stretch
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| Proprioception also detects changes in the ______________ of the muscle? | Length
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| What are the Energy sources for muscle contraction? | ATP, Creatine phosphate and Glycogen
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| The ATP Energy source is __________ present, but is _____________ lasting? | Already. Short
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| The secondary energy source is? | Creatine Phosphate
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| Creatine Phosphate breaks into _________ and __________ to release ___________ to make more __________? | Creatine, Phosphate, Energy, ATP
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| Creatinine is a what? | Waste product
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| Creatinine is excreted through what in the body? | The kidneys and urine
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| The most abundant energy source is what? | Glycogen
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| Glycogen is broken down into what? | Glucose
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| Glucose goes through what? | Cellular respiration
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| What carried Oxygen in the blood? | Hemoglobin
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| Hemoglobin contains what which binds the oxygen? | Iron
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| What carries Oxygen in the muscle? | Myoglobin
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| Myoglobin makes the muscles what color and carries what to bind the oxygen? | Red and Iron
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| When the Oxygen need is greater than the supply is called what? | Oxygen debt
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| The deficiency of Oxygen is called what? | Hypoxia
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| Glucose is converted into what in anaerobic respiration? | Lactic acid
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| Lactic acid is converted to what in the __________? | Pyruvic acid in the Liver
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| Breathing to supply the oxygen required by the liver to detoxify lactic acid is called? | Recovery oxygen uptake
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| Breathing slows gradually after exercise so that we can? | Recover
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| The microscopic structure of the muscle is called? | Muscle fiber
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| The motor nerve ending at each muscle fiber is called the? | Neuromuscular Junction
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| The neuromuscular junction has how many fibers? | One each
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| Some of the names for the neuromuscular junction are? | Axon terminal, synaptic knob and motor end plate
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| The enlarged end of the motor neuron is the what? | Axon terminal
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| The axon terminal contains sacs of what? | Acetylcholine of ACh
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| The cell membrane of the muscle fiber is called? | Sarcolemma
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| The sarcolemma contains __________ sites for ACh? | Receptor
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| Sarcolemma also contains cholinesterase that _______________ ACh? | Deactivates
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| The junction between the axon terminal and the muscle fiber sarcolemma? | Synapse
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| Another name for synapse is? | Synaptic cleft
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| Contractile units in the muscle fiber are called what? | Sarcomere
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| Groups of sarcomeres are called what? | Myofibrils
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| The thin filaments? | Actin
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| Thin contractile proteins that interact with myosin? | Actin
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| Thicker contractile proteins are called? | Myosin
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| Thick filaments are? | Myosin
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| The protein backbone that anchors actin filaments? | Z-line
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| The Z-line forms the end boundaries of the what? | Sarcomere
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| The protein that anchors myosin to the Z-line is what? | Titin
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| The two proteins that prevent contraction when relaxed are? | Triponin and Tropomyosin
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| The ER of the muscle cell is called the? | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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| The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores what? | Calcium ions
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| Nerve impulses cause the release of ______ from the axon terminal? | ACh
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| ACh causes___________ impulse in the sarcolemma? | Electrical
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| Actin filaments fulling against myosin filaments is called the? | Sliding filament mechanism
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| Sarcolemma at rest is? | Polarized
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| Channels that carry the action potential to the inner parts of the cell are? | Transverse tubules
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| Another name for transverse tubules is? | T Tubules
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| Resetting the actionn potential is? | Sarcolemma repolarized
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| Sliding filament mechanism is? | Contraction
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| Reducing the angle of a joing is? | Flection
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| Increasing the angle of a joint is? | Extention
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| Tilting the foot/ankle medially is? | Inversion
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| Tilting the foot/ankle laterally is? | Eversion
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| Rotating the palm up is? | Supination
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| Rotating the palm down is? | Pronation
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| Side bending is Right or Left is? | Lateral flection
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| Rotating around a joing is? | Rotation
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| Moving in a circular motion without rotation is? | Circumduction
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| Bringing a part away from the midline is? | Abduction
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| Bringing a part toward the midline is? | Adduction
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| Bringing a part toward the midling or posteriorly is? | Retraction
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| Bringing a part away from the midling or anteriorly is? | Protraction
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| Decreasing angle of ankle joint is? | Dorsiflection
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| Increasing angle of ankle joint is? | Plantar flection
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| During polarization the outside of the Sarcolemma has a __________ charge relative to the inside? | Positive +
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| During polarization the inside of the sarcolemma is said to have a _____ charge? | Negative -
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| __________ ions are more abundant outside the cell of the polarized sarcolemma? | Sodium Na+
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| ___________ ions are more abundant inside the cell of the polarized sarcolemma? | Potassium K+
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| What is the purpose of the sodium pump? | Transfers the soduim back out
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| What is the purpose of the potassium pump? | Transfers the potassium back in
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| Both of the pumps are what? | Active transport mechanisms
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| The active transport mechnisms require what? | ATP
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