Integumentary System
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| Consists of skin, accessory structure, and subcutaneous tissue | Integumentary System
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| Functions of Integumentary system | Protection, Storage, Insulations, Cooling
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| Skin has 2 layers | Dermis and Epidermis
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| Outer layer | Epidermis
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| Stratified Squamous | Epidermis
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| Keratinizing epithelium | Epidermis
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| Base layer | Stratum germinative
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| Area of continual production to replace skin cells that slough off | Stratum germinative
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| As cells get further away from the capillaries they___ | Die
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| Merkel cells touch____ | Receptors
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| Peptides synthesized by living keratinocytes and secreted during inflammation | Antimicrobial
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| Horny outter most layer | Stratum corneum
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| Stratum Corneum is | Waterproof
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| Like a plastic bag over the skin | Stratum Corneum
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| Stratum Corneum is a barrier to | Pathogens and most chemicals
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| Phagocytize foreign materials | Langerhans cell
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| Originate in bone marrow | Langerhans cell
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| Migrate to lymph nodes after ingesting pathogens and present it to lymphocytes | Langerhans cell
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| Produce melanin | Melanocytes
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| Makes skin, hair and eyes darker | Melanin
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| Increased melanin with UV light, protects from UV light by absorbing it | Melanin
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| Inner layer | Dermis
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| Collagen and elastin make it strong and elastic | Dermis
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| Uneven junction between dermis and epidermis | Papilary layer
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| Abundant blood supply | Papilary layer
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| Structures within the dermis | Papilary layer
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| Cover the entire body | Hair follicles
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| Within the dermis, but made of epidermal tissue | Hair follicle
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| Contains cells called the matrix | Hair root
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| Cells die and become the shaft | Hair root
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| _____muscle makes hair stand up | Smooth
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| Produces keratin for hardness | Nail root
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| Cells die to become the ____ | Nail
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| Protects the ends of digit | Nail
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| Provides info about the environment to the CNS | Receptors
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| More sensitive areas have more _____ | Receptors
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| Most receptors are in the ______ | Dermis
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| Merkel cells are in the ______ | Stratum germinative
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| Encapsulated nerve endings | Touch and pressure
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| Free nerve endings (not encapsulated) | Heat cold and pain
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| Within the skin, but made of epithelial tissue | Glands
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| Glands are within the _____ | Skin
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| Glands (3) | Sebaceous, Ceruminous, and Sweat glands
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| Ducts open into hair follicles | Sebaceous
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| Ducts that open directly onto skin surface | Sebaceous
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| Oily lipid | Sebum
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| Inhibits growth of bacteria | Sebum
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| Moisturizes, prevents breaks in the skin | Sebum
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| In dermis of ear canal | Ceruminous
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| Secreted to make ear waxx | Cerumen
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| Over production can cause pain and loss of hearing | Cerumen
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| Sweat glands (2) | Apocrine and Eccrine
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| Axilla and pubic areas | Apocrine gland
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| Most abundant on face and palm and sole of feet | Eccrine gland
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| Coiled tube that extends to the surface through duct (pore) | Eccrine gland
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| Importand in body temerature regulation | Eccrine gland
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| Secretion metabolized by bacteria which produce BO | Apocrine gland
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| Activity increased with emotional stress | Apocrine gland
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| Small arteries | Arterioles
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| Temperature regulation | Blood vessels
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| Increase blood flow to surface (flushing) | Vasodialation
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| Decrease blood flow to surface (going pale) | Vasoconstriction
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| Regulated by CNS and hormones as in “fight or flight” | Blood vessels
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| Connective tissue membrane | Subcutaneous tissue
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| Loose areolar tissue and adipose | Subcutaneous tissue
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| Subcutaneous tissue stores | Fat
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| Excretion of waste through sweat | Integumentary system
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| Vitamin D synthesis | Integumentarry system
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| UV light causes cholesterol to be changed into Vit D | Vitamin D synthesis
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| Important for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus | Vitamin D synthesis
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| The outter layer of the skin made of stratified Squamous keratinizing epitheliem | Epidermis
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| The inner layer of the skin, made of modified fibrous connective tissue | Dermis
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| Contains the accessory structures of the skin such as peceptors and sweat glands | Dermis
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| Made of areolar connectrive and adipose tissue | Subcutaneous tissue
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| Connects the dermis to the muscles and stores fat | Subcutaneous tissue
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| The cells that produce collagen and elastin | Fibroblasts
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| The protein that gives the dermis its strength | Collagen fibers
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| The protein that gives the dermis elasticity | Elastin fibers
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| Contains capillaries to nourish the stratum germinative | Papillary glands
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| Mitosis at the root produces the hair shaft | Hair follicle
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| Mitosis at the root produces the nail | Nail follicle
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| Produces a lipid substance called sebum | Sebaceous gland
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| Produce their secretion during exercise or in a warm environment | Eccrine sweat glands
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| Produces their secretion in times of stress or strong emotions | Apocrine sweat glands
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| Produce cerumen, or earwax | Ceruminous glands
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| Provide information about changes in the external environment | Receptors
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| The skin is painful but not blistered | First degree burn
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| The skin is painful and blistered | Second degree burn
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| The skin is charred and may not be painful at first | Third degree burn
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| ______ sweat glands, maintain normal body temp | Eccrine
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| Produced in follicles in the scalp | Hair
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| Covers the surface of the body | Skin
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| Tissue the connects the skin to the muscle | Subcutaneous
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| Protects living skin from UV rays | Melanin
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| Protects ends of fingers | Nail
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| Small arteries | Arterioles
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| Detect changes in the environment | Receptors
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| Waterproof protein of the epidermia | Keratin
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| Sunshine vitamin | Vitamin D
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| Produces melanin | Melanocytes
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| Stratum_______ produces new epidermal cells | Germinativum
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| Gland that secretes cerumen | Ceruminous
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| Decreases blood flow through arterioles | Vasoconstriction
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| Increases blood through arterioles | Vasodilation
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| Gland that secretes sebum | Sebaceous
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| Uneven junction of dermis with the epidermis | Papilary layer
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| Outer layer of skin | Epidermis
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| Inner layer of skin | Dermis
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| Stratum______ prevents entry of pathogens to the body | Corneum
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| ________ released casues vasoconstriction in skin redirects blood to more vital organs | Adrenaline
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| Prolonged pressure causes lack of blood supply and leads to tissue death | Decubitus ulcer (bed sore)
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| Functions of Subcutaneous tissue | Connects skin to muscle, provides immunity from WBC and mast cells
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| Mitosis constantly renews this layer, which forms a barrier between the body and external environment | Epidermis
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| Important in bone and muscle strength, insulin function, immunity, and cancer protection | Vitamin D synthesis
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