Endocrine E3 Regulation of Salt & Water Balance
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show | endocrine
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show | regulating water excretion by the kidney in response to ADH
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show | electrolyte, maintenance sodium balance
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renal mechanisms of Na+ balance are regulated by | show 🗑
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hormonal mechanisms also regulate | show 🗑
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all renal reabsorption is due to what | show 🗑
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show | 1)glucose
2)amino acids
3)phosphate
4)HCO3-
5)H20
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show | 1)antidiurectic hormone
2)renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
3)atrial natriuretic peptide
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what signals the kidney to conserve H20 | show 🗑
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when is ADH released in the kidney to conserve H20 | show 🗑
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show | ADH
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show | aquaporins, H20
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osmole receptors are found where | show 🗑
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what is the most potent osmolyte | show 🗑
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what stimulates ADH during dehydration | show 🗑
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what happens if there is a decrease in both osmolality and a decrease in volume | show 🗑
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1)decreased ADH production(central) or decreased response of kidney to ADH(nephrogenic) 2)large amounts of dilute urine 3)concentrated body fluids if intake is not increased | show 🗑
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show | syndrome of inappropriate ADH
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what is renin synthesized and secreted by | show 🗑
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show | 1)SNS activation associated with decreased blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors
2)decreased tension on afferent arterioles in glomerulus
3)decreased pressure in glomerulus, decreased rate of NaCl delivery to macula densa
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renin catalyses the formation of ___________ from _____________ | show 🗑
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show | ACE
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where is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II | show 🗑
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show | 1)blood vessels
2)adipose
3)brain
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angiotensinogen, renin, and ACE may act as a ________ to stimulate prostaglandins or act as what | show 🗑
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show | angiotensin II
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show | angiotensin II
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what increases cardiac contractility | show 🗑
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show | angiotensin II
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what is the most potent pressor substance known | show 🗑
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show | cardiac and smooth muscle
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show | stimulates thirst, appetite for Na+, secretion of ADH
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show | in hypothalmic cells(subfornical organ & organum vasculosum) which project to supraoptic & paraventricular N. and vasomotor centers
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show | negative feedback, regulated by blood volume which increases as a result of sodium retention
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show | atrial natriuretic peptide
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show | atrial myocyctes, 28aa in response to stretch(increased atrial pressure)
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another form of brain natiuretic peptide is synthesized and secreted by | show 🗑
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CNP is found in | show 🗑
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ANP/BNP binds to | show 🗑
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show | CNP
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natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) binds to | show 🗑
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show | 3 minutes, 20 minutes
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show | stimulate formation of cyclic GMP which modify functions
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show | 1)phosphorylation of regulatory proteins
2)cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
3)direct ion channel regulation
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physiologic actions of ANP | show 🗑
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what is the physiologic action of ANP on the cardiovascular system | show 🗑
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show | 1)increase Na+ & H2O excretion by increase glomerular filtration & decrease Na+ & H2O reabsorption
2)decrease renin secretion by decreasing angiotensin II
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what are physiologic actions of ANP on the hypthalamus | show 🗑
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what is the physiologic action of ANP on the pituitary gland | show 🗑
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what is the physiologic action of ANP on the adrenal gland | show 🗑
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show | may decrease norepinephrine release from SNS & decrease epinephrine release from adrenal medulla
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show | 1)hemorrhage
2)dehydration
3)salt loading
4)salt depletion
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show | 1)immediate response is massive vasoconstriction mediated by SNS
2)slower in onset stimulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
3)stimulation of ADH
4)inhibition of ANP
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what happens during dehydration | show 🗑
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what happens during salt loading | show 🗑
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what happens during salt depletion | show 🗑
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when salt loading 350 mm/day/5days what are the levels | show 🗑
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when salt depletion 10mm/day/5days what are the levels | show 🗑
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