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GA2 Test #2 Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the vessels with which the descending branch of the occipital artery has anastomoses | Thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk, vertebral a. |
| Muscle that forms the arch posterior to palatine tonsil. | Palatopharyngeus |
| part of pylorus next to body of stomach. | Pyloric Antrum |
| What is/are the action(s) of the: a) longitudinal mm. of the pharynx | a. elevated pharynx and larynx during swallowing |
| ____________ branch of maxillary a. that supplies teeth via the mandibular foramen | Inferior alveolar |
| ____________ branch of maxillary artery which supplies molars and premolars of maxilla, gums, and maxillary sinus | Posterior superior alveolar |
| ____________ different named artery with which the obturator artery has an anastamosis for collateral circulation | Medial femoral circumflex |
| ____________ pelvic vessel that supplies iliacus, quadratus lumborum, and psoas major | Iliolumbar a. |
| artery of which the inferior vesicle is a branch. | Anterior Trunk of Internal Illiac |
| Assume 1 or both of the internal carotid aa. Are partially occluded. Name the specific artery that would allow: a) blood to flow from the basilar system into the internal carotid system | a. posterior communicating |
| Assume 1 or both of the internal carotid aa. Are partially occluded. Name the specific artery that would allow: b) retrograde blood flow directly into the cerebral part of the internal carotid system from the external carotid system | b. ophthalmic |
| Assume a partial occlusion of 1 internal carotid artery. Besides the posterior communicating artery. Name 2 different collateral arteries of importance. | Anterior communicating a. & Ophthalmic |
| Assume a partial occlusion of one internal carotid a. Besides the posterior communicating artery, name 2 different collateral arteries of importance. | Anterior communicating a. & Ophthalmic a. |
| Assume a partial occlusion of the femoral v. at the level of the inguinal ligament. Give a collateral route (in correct sequence) of venous return to the heart. | Great saphenous -> superficial epigastric -> thoracoepigastric -> lateral thoracic -> axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic -> SVC -> heart |
| Assume a partial occlusion of the femoral VEIN at the level of the inguinal ligament. Give a collateral route (in correct sequence) of the VENOUS return to the heart. | femoral -> great saphaneous -> superficial epigastric -> thoracoepigastric -> lateral thoracic -> axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic -> SVC -> heart |
| Assume a partial occlusion of the right common carotid. Give correct sequence by which a drop of blood would travel to reach an area distal to the occlusion. Begin with the common carotid artery and end with the maxillary. | 1 |
| Beginning with the aorta, show 2 different routes by which a drop of blood could reach both the head of the pancreas and duodenum | Route 1: Aorta -> celiac trunk -> common hepatic a. -> gastroduodenal a. -> ant./post. superior pancreaticoduodenal aa. -> pancreas and duodenum (next card #2) |
| Beginning with the aorta, show 2 different routes by which a drop of blood could reach both the head of the pancreas and duodenum | Route 2: Aorta -> superior mesenteric a. -> ant./post. inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. -> pancreas and duodenum |
| Besides impressions for the stomach and gallbladder, the liver has impressions for (give 4) the following: NO FISSURES! | Right colic flexure, right kidney, right suprarenal gland, IVC |
| Besides the carotid a., give the structures in the carotid sheath | Internal jugular v., vagus n. |
| Besides the ileum being longer, having Peyer’s patches, and narrower lumen, compare the jejunum with the ileum. Give 4 STRUCTURAL differences mentioned in lecture. | Jejunum has more plicae circulares, more villi, less complex arterial arcades, larger, longer, less numerous vasa rectae |
| Besides the marginal a., give 2 ANASTOMOSES which would provide collateral flow in the event of a partial occlusion of the abdominal aorta. | Lumbar -> iliolumbar, deep circumflex ilac & Superior rectal -> middle and inferior rectal |
| Besides the sigmoid sinus, name two tributaries to the internal jugular v. that do NOT have the EXACT same name as branches of the external carotid artery | Inferior petrosal sinus, Middle thyroid |
| Besides the transverse sinus, a sinus that is a tributary to the sigmoid sinus | Superior petrosal |
| Besides those of the lesser omentum, name 4 differently named peritoneal ligaments and give their ATTACHMENTS. Both name and attachment must be correct to receive any credit. | Splenorenal – spleen and just anterior to kidney, Gastrolienal – stomach to spleen, Falciform lig. – liver to anterior abdominal wall, Coronary ligs. (ant./post.) – bare area of liver to diaphragm |
| Branch of internal carotid a. which travels in the longitudinal cerebral fissure. | Anterior cerebral |
| Branch of maxillary a. that supplies teeth via the mandibular foramen | Inferior alveolar |
| Branch of maxillary a. that supplies the nasal septum and paranasal sinuses | Sphenopalatine |
| Branch of maxillary a. which passes through the foramen spinosum | Middle meningeal |
| branch of maxillary artery which supplies molars and premolars of maxilla, gums, and maxillary sinus. | Posterior superior alveolar |
| branch of maxillary artery which supplies ROOF of mouth | Greater palatine a. |
| branch of the external carotid which supplies the dura, tympanic cavity, palatine tonsil, longus capitus and colli, etc. | Ascending pharyngeal |
| collective term for vein formed by gastric veins | Coronary Veiv |
| Concerning the 3rd part of the duodenum, give the boundaries and any associated structures as mentioned in lecture. | Inferior duodenal flexure ascending portion (left edge of aorta) , Superior mesenteric a. and v. pass anterior |
| Covers the root of a tooth and attaches it to the surrounding tissues of the alveolar socket; it resembles bone | Cement |
| Cranial nerve that CROSSES the lower lateral part of both the internal and external carotid arteries | Hypoglossal |
| Define the following terms: a) retroperitoneal | a. organs that lie deep to partietal peritoneum |
| Define the following terms: b) coronary ligament | b. Surrounding bare area of liver, extending from liver to diaphragm |
| Define the following terms: c) peritoneal cavity | c. potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum |
| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! b) triangular ligaments | where the ant. and post. coronary ligs. of liver meet at the lateral edges of the bare area of liver |
| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! c) mesentery | double layer of serous membranes |
| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! a) omental bursa | greater peritoneal sac diverticulum located behind the stomach containing both a superior and inferior recess |
| Define the limits of the clinical anal canal. | Pectinate line -> anus |
| Define the specific boundaries of the 2nd part of the duodenum. also name any structures specifically associated with these part as mentioned in class. | Superior and inferior duodenal flexures & Contains hepatopancreatic ampulla with sphincter or Oddi and major duodenal papilla (may also have minor pancreatic duct and minor dudodenal papilla) |
| Describe an emissary vein | Vein penetrating the skull through various foramen and communicating with the sinuses of dura and veins of outside of skull |
| Describe medial and lateral boundaries of the quadrate lobe of the liver | Lat = gallbladder, Med = fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis |
| Describe the course of an emissary vein. Why are they clinically important? | Run through foramina and openings in skull forming anastomoses between dural venous sinuses and vv. of scalp (may carry infections from scalp to dural venous sinuses) |
| Describe the difference between an anatomical and physiological sphincter. | Anatomical sphincter – contains area of thickened smooth circular muscle over area; Physiological sphincter – contains area of normal smooth circular muscle over area |
| Dilation at proximal beginning of internal carotid artery. | Carotid sinus |
| Directly receives the drainage of the superior sagittal sinus | Confluence of sinuses |
| Draw a simple diagram showing the connections of the retromandibular posterior auricular, external jugular, facial, and common facial veins with each other. Now label the diagram correctly. | Draw Diagram |
| Draw a X-SECTION at the level of the epiploic foramen and label all associated ligaments. | Draw Diagram |
| Draw the circulus arteriosis (circle of Willis) and label all component vessels. The two circles below represent the internal carotids. Begin the drawing from them. Be accurate and neat! | Draw diagram |
| duct that runs anteriorly to open into the floor of the mouth as a small caruncle just lateral to the lingual frenulum. | Submandibular duct |
| during degulutition, area through which food is diverted by the epiglottis (BE SPECIFIC). | Piriform recess |
| Forms an important anastomosis with dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic a. | Angular a. of facial a. |
| Forms posterior border of carotid triangle | SCM |
| Forms the anteroinferior border of the carotid triangle. | Superior belly of omohyoid m. |
| forms the anterosuperior border of the carotid angle. | Posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid mm. |
| From lecture, the internal carotid artery supplies _________ (%) percent of the ___________ (be very specific) | 80-90%; Cerebral hemispheres |
| Give ADULT derivatives of the following: a) distal umbilical arteries | a. medial umbilical lig. |
| Give ADULT derivatives of the following: b) umbilical vein | b. lig. teres hepatis |
| Give the data asked for with the following muscles: a)styloglossus (action)b)inferior constrictor (origin) c)salpingopharyngeus (origin) | a) elevates and retracts tongue b) laryngeal cartilage c) auditory tube |
| Give the data asked for with the following muscles: d) palatopharyngeus (innervation) e) stylopharyngeus (innervation) | d. pharyngeal plexus (CN XI via X) e. glossopharyngeal n. |
| Give the data asked for with the following: a) genioglossus (origin) – | a. superior mental spines (genial tubercles) |
| Give the data asked for with the following: b) retracts and elevates the tongue (muscle) | b. styloglossus |
| Give the data asked for with the following: c) origin is horns of hyoid, insertion is posterior median raphe (muscle) | c. middle constrictor |
| Give the data asked for with the following: d) salpingopharyngeus (insertion) | d. palatopharyngeus m. |
| Give the data asked for with the following: e) palatopharyngeus (innervation) | e. pharyngeal plexus |
| Give the data asked for with the following: f) palatoglossus (innervation) | f. pharyngeal plexus |
| Give the specific upper and lower boundaries of the sigmoid colon. Do NOT five certain viscera as your answer | Upper pelvic brim -> Anus S3 |
| Give the upper and lower boundries of the laryngopharynx | C3-6 |
| How does one anatomically separate the pylorus from the body of stomach? | Draw a vertical line through the angular notch of the stomach |
| IMMEDIATE structure formed by union of the common bile and main pancreatic ducts | Hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| Largest branch of the internal carotid a., runs in the lateral cerebral fissure to supply certain lobes | Middle cerebral |
| Largest branch of the internal carotid artery : it curves around corpus callosum and supplies the medial surface of the hemispheres | Middle cerebral |
| Level at which the common carotid bifurcates into internal and external branches | C3/4 (upper border of thyroid cartilage) |
| ligament into which the tail of the pancreas extends | Splenorenal ligament |
| List 2 anastomoses that are of the portal-caval variety | Superior rectal with inferior and middle rectal vv. & Esophageal plexus |
| List two areas where the esophagus (NOT the gastroesophageal junction) is constricted | Left primary bronchi, aortic arch, cricoid cartilage |
| List two different arteries located on and supplying the MEDIAL forehead. | Supratrochlear & Supraorbital |
| located in rectum and made of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa. | Valves of Houston (transverse rectal folds) |
| Name given to center of tooth; contains vessels, nerves, etc | Pulp cavity |
| name given to fetal shunt (by-pass) through the liver (give fetal name, not adult) | Ductus venosus |
| name given to the horizontal fold of mucosa under tongue; it also has numerous small ducts opening along its surface. | Sublingual fold |
| Name given to the vessels which run BETWEEN the outer and inner tables of the flat bones of the skull | Diploic vv. |
| Name in correct sequence (from front to back) the DECIDUOUS (baby) teeth. | Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st molar, 2nd molar |
| Name in correct sequence (from front to back) the permanent teeth. (Name each individual tooth) | Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar |
| Name the abdominal vessel which: b) arises from aorta at L3 level (NOT lumbar aa.)- | b. inferior mesenteric |
| Name the abdominal vessel which: c) arises from aorta about 1-2 inches below renal (NOT lumbar)- | c. gonadal |
| Name the abdominal vessel which: d) supplies cecum, appendix, distal ileum, etc.- | d. ileocolic |
| Name the abdominal vessel which: a) is tortuous | a. splenic |
| Name the arteries which supply the urinary bladder | Superior, middle, and inferior vesicle, inferior gluteal, obturator |
| Name the ARTERY of which the given vessel is a direct branch: a) superior suprarenal a. | a. inferior phrenic |
| Name the ARTERY of which the given vessel is a direct branch: b) left colic a. | b. inferior mesenteric |
| Name the BRANCHES of the cavernous part of the internal carotid a. | Cavernous a., hypophyseal, meningeal |
| Name the branches of the ophthalmic a. | Cilliary, lacrimal, suparorital, supratrochlear, central a. of retina, dorsal nasal, palpebral |
| Name the branches of the petrous part of the internal carotid a. | Caroticotympanic & Artery to pterygoid canal |
| Name the branches of the splenic a. | Proper splenic, pancreatic, left gastroepiploic, short gastric, |
| Name the direct branches of the cerebral part of the internal carotid a. | Ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating, middle cerebral, choroidal |
| Name the tributaries to the external jugular vein. Do NOT include the ones that give rise to (form) the vessel. | Anterior jugular v., transverse cervical v., suprascapular v. |
| Name the tributaries to the straight sinus | Great cerebral v., inferior sagital sinus |
| Name the tributaries to the EXTERNAL jugular vein. Do NOT include the ones that give rise to (form) the vessel. | Transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior jugular |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: a) abdominal esophageal aa. | a. left gastric |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: a) left gastroepiploic a. | a. splenic |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: b) sup. pandreaticoduodenal a. | b. common hepatic |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: c) left gonadal a. | c. Left Renal Artery |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: c) superior suprarenal a. | c. inferior phrenic |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: d) inferior suprarenal a. | d. renal artery |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: d) left colic a. | d. inferior mesenteric |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: a) right gastric a. | a. proper hepatic |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: b) inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. | b. superior mesenteric |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: b) short gastric a. | b. splenic |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: c) middle colic a. | c. superior mesenteric |
| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: d) right gastroepiploic a. | d. gastroduodenal |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). a) left gonadal v. | a. left renal |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). b) deep circumflex iliac v. | b. external iliac |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). c) cystic v. | c. right hepatic |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). d) superficial epigastric v. | d. great saphenous |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. a) upper left ascending lumbar v. | a. hemiazygos |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. b) portal v. | b. hepatic portal |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. c) left superior epigastric v. | c. internal thoracic |
| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. d) thoracoepigastric v. | d. lateral thoracic |
| Name the vessels with which the descending branch of the occipital artery has anastomoses | Vertebral, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk |
| nerve that travels with the external jugular vein | Great Auricular N |
| often times a branch of superior vesical artery | a. to ductus deferens |
| Openings through which blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp cavity of a tooth | Apical foramina |
| pelvic vessel supplying psoas major, quadratus lumborum mm. | Lumbar br. of iliolumbar a. |
| pelvic vessel that exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis. | Superior gluteal a. |
| Pelvic vessel which enters the anterior sacral foramina | Lateral sacral |
| portion of mucosa specifically around teeth | Gingiva |
| Right common carotid a. arises deep to this surface landmark. | Sternoclavicular joint |
| sinus that is a tributary to the straight sinus | Inferior sagittal sinus & Great Cerebral Sinus |
| Specific artery that supplies the scalp above and behind the ear, tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells, etc. | Posterior auricular |
| SPECIFIC artery which supplies fundus of stomach | Short gastric |
| specific structure which contains the occipital sinus | Falx cerebelli |
| SPECIFIC structure which contains the superior petrosal sinus | Tentorium cerebelli |
| Structure located directly in the bifurcation of the common carotid a. | Carotid body |
| Structure that covers most of surface of root of tongue | Lingual tonsils |
| structure which helps hold duodenojejunal flexure in place. | Ligament of Treitz |
| supplies pectineus, gracilis, adductors of hip and hip joint, etc. with arterial blood | Obturator a. (outside pelvis) |
| The ______ part of the internal carotid artery passes in close association with ______ (nerves). They may be affected by an aneurysm of the vessel. | Cavernous, III, IV, V1, VI |
| The _______ opens into the mouth via a small papilla near the upper 2nd molar. | Partotid duct |
| The median sulcus of the tongue ends just anterior to the root of the tongue in a small depression termed the _________ | Foramen cecum |
| The permanent _________ replace the deciduous molars | Premolars |
| The PETROUS part of the internal carotid a. is separated from what two SPECIFIC structures by a thin piece of bone | Cochlea of inner ear and trigeminal ganglia |
| The superior sagittal and transverse sinuses connect to the confluence of sinuses. Name two others which also connect here. | Occipital sinus, straight sinus |
| Third branch of the external carotid a. | Lingual Artery |
| To where does the retromandibular vein drain? | Common facial and EJV |
| Type of roots (morphology) usually present on mandibular molars | bifurcated |
| Vasa recta of the jejunum when compared with the ileum are (circle one) a) shorter or longer and b) less numerous or more numerous? | Larger, Longer & Less numerous |
| Vein that is a tributary to both the external jugular and the common facial veins. | Retromandibular v. |
| Vertebral level of the superior mesenteric a. | LOWER border of L1 |
| Vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth extending between lips and gums | Labial frenulum |
| Vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth; extends between the inferior surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth | Lingual frenulum |
| Vessel that supplies levator ani, piriformis, coccygeus, gluteus maximus, ect. | Internal pudendal |
| vessel which directly supplies floor of mouth and tongue | Lingual Artr |
| Vessel which passes through foramen lacerum (be complete!) | Meningeal br. of ascending pharyngeal a. |
| What branches of the external carotid a. supply the palatine tonsils? | Ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial |
| What is the function of the following: a) carotid body | a. monitors O2 and CO2 levels in blood |
| What is the function of the following: b) carotid sinus | b. regulates systemic BP |
| What is/are the action(s) of the: b) circular mm. of the pharynx | b. constrict pharynx |
| What SPECIFICALLY differentiates a portal from a normal system? Do NOT just list sequence. | 2nd capillary bed between arterial-venous bed and heart |
| When is the carotid tubercle? Be specific and complete!! | Anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 vertebra |
| Write the DENTAL FORMULA. You must use the formula to receive credit. | I 2/2 + C 1/1 + B 2/2 + M 3/3 = 16 |
Created by:
brookert81
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