cells
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| what are cells? | smallest living subunits of a multicellular organism.
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| how many kinds of cells are in humans? | over 200
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| what is cholestral? | decreases fluidity stabilizing the membrane
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| how manly chromosomes do we have? | 46
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| what is cytoplasm? | liquid solution of dissolved minerals, gases, and other molecules
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| what are organelles made of? | protein and rRNA
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| what is proteosome? | barrel shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules apart
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| what does ER stand for? | endoplasmic reticulum
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| what are the two types of ER? | rough ER and smooth ER
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| what is rough ER? | rigosomes on the surface
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| what is smooth ER? | no bibosomes on the surface
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| what digestive enzymes do they contain? | lysosymes
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| when do they digest bacteria? | diring phagocytosis
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| wht is cilia? | many hairlike projections on certain cells
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| wht is flaguella? | mobile thread like projectin through the cell membrane
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| what is the only cell with flagellum? | sperm
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| what are vacuoles? | pinched off plasma membrane during phagocytosis and pinovytosis.
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| what is diffusion? | movement of molecules
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| wht is osmosis? | diffusion of water through a selectivly permeable membrane
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| what concentratin of solutes does isotonic have? | equal
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| wht concentratin of solutes does hypotonic have? | low
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| wht is facillated diffusion? | diffusion molecules through a membrane with help form proteins in the cell membrane called transporters
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| what is active transport? | energy requiring process of moning molecules against a concentratino gradient
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| wht is filtration? | substances are forced through a membrane by mechanical prissure
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| wht is phagocytosis? | moving cell engulfs something
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| what is pinocytosis? | stationary cell engulfs something
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| where does protein synthesis occur? | ribosomes
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| wht is genetic disease | illness due to mistake in DNA
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| what are two types of cell division? | mitosis and meiosis
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| what is mitosis? | one cell divides into 2 identicalcells both having a full set of chromosomes
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| what is meiosis? | one cell divides in into 4 cells each having half of the chromosomes
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| what is a diploid number? | full set of chromosomes
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| wht is the first stage of mitosis? | interpahse
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| what is the second stage of mitosis? | prophase
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| wht is the third stage of mitosis? | metaphase
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| what is the fourth stage of mitosis? | anaphase
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| what is the fifth stage of mitosis? | telopahse
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| what is fertilization? | egg and sperm meet and join chromosomes to form a diploid zygote
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| what contains chromosomes of a cell? | cell membrane
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| what is made of phospholipis, protein, and cholesterol? | cell membrane
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| what controls the center of a cell? | nucleus
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| what has a watery solution of minerals, organic molecules, and gases? | cytoplasm
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| what forms the outermost boundary of a cell? | cell membrane
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| wht contains the nucleolus? | nucleus
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| what allows certain substances to enter or leave the cell? | nucleus
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| wht is found between the cell membrane and nuclius? | cytoplasm
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| what is selectivly preamable? | cytoplasm
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| what do mature red blook cells lack? | cell membrane
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| wht provides stability for a cell membrane? | cholestral
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| what forms fores and transporters in a membrane? | protien
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| what are antigens? | proteins
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| what permits diffusion of a lipid soluble into a cell? | phospholipid
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| what are receptor sites for hormones? | protein
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| what is made of protein and ribosomal RNA? | Ribosomes
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| wht is a double membrane structure? | flagellum
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| what are two rod shaped structures the are perpendicular to eachother? | centrioles
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| what is a single long thread like projection? | proteasome
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| what is a short thread like projection through a cell? | cilia
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| what is a single membrane structure that contains tissue enzymes? | lysosomes
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| what are folds of a cell membrane on a free surface? | microvilli
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| what is a series of flat membranous sacs? | golgi apparatus
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| what is barrel shaped enzymatic structure? | mitochondria
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| what is the site of protein synthesis? | ribosomes
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| what is the site fo destruction of damaged proteins? | lysosomes
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| what is the site of ATP production? | proteasome
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| wht digests worn out cell parts or digests bacteria? | golgi apparatus
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| what probides motility for a sperm cell? | flagellum
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| what sweeps materials across a cell surface? | cilia
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| what is a passageway for materials in a cell? | endoplasmic reticulum
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| wht organizes spindle fibers in cell division? | centrioles
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| what secretes minerals in a cell? | mitochondria
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| what increases a surface area by absorption of a cell? | micovilli
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| what is diffusion? | movement of molecules from greater concentration to lesser concentration
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| what is osmosis? | diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
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| what is facilitated diffusion? | water and dissolved materials move through a membrane to area of higher pressure to area of lower.
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| what is active transport? | diffusion of molecules requiring carrier enzyes or transporters
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| what is filtration? | the use of energy to move molecules form area of lesser con to higher
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| what is pahgocytosis? | the engulfing of something by a moving cell
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| what is pinocytosis? | the engulfing of somehting by a stationary cell
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| what absorbs water by the small intestine or kidneys? | osmosis
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| what is movement of oxygen from blood to cells of body? | facilitated duffusion
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| what forces plasma out to become tissue fluid? | filtaration
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| what engulfs bacteria by white blood cells? | phagocytosis
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| what intakes glucose by cells of body? | facilitated diffusion
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| mitosis is necesary to produce what? | egg and sperm cells
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| what is mitosis necessary for? | growth and repair of tissues
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| what is the function of cilia? | sweep material across a surface
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| what does the nucleus of a cell do? | regulates the activites of a cell by the genetic material it contains
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| what is the genetic code for a gene? | carbohydrates
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| what human cells dont undergo mitosis in an adult? | nerve cells and muscle cells
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| what is the function of a microvilli cell? | increase the surface area of the cell membrane
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| what is mitochondria? | the site of cell respiration and ATp production
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| what is a lysosome? | contain enzymes to digest worn out cell parts
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| what is endoplasmic reticulum? | membranous tubules that are passageways within the cell
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| what enables cells to absorb more material? | microvilli
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| what have enzymes that destroy damagedd cell parts? | lysosomes
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| what has many different receptor sites? | cell membrane
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| wht is made of DNA and protein? | chromosomes
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| what is a series of transport tunnels in the cytoplasm? | endoplasmic reticulum
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