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chapt.3
cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are cells? | smallest living subunits of a multicellular organism. |
| how many kinds of cells are in humans? | over 200 |
| what is cholestral? | decreases fluidity stabilizing the membrane |
| how manly chromosomes do we have? | 46 |
| what is cytoplasm? | liquid solution of dissolved minerals, gases, and other molecules |
| what are organelles made of? | protein and rRNA |
| what is proteosome? | barrel shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules apart |
| what does ER stand for? | endoplasmic reticulum |
| what are the two types of ER? | rough ER and smooth ER |
| what is rough ER? | rigosomes on the surface |
| what is smooth ER? | no bibosomes on the surface |
| what digestive enzymes do they contain? | lysosymes |
| when do they digest bacteria? | diring phagocytosis |
| wht is cilia? | many hairlike projections on certain cells |
| wht is flaguella? | mobile thread like projectin through the cell membrane |
| what is the only cell with flagellum? | sperm |
| what are vacuoles? | pinched off plasma membrane during phagocytosis and pinovytosis. |
| what is diffusion? | movement of molecules |
| wht is osmosis? | diffusion of water through a selectivly permeable membrane |
| what concentratin of solutes does isotonic have? | equal |
| wht concentratin of solutes does hypotonic have? | low |
| wht is facillated diffusion? | diffusion molecules through a membrane with help form proteins in the cell membrane called transporters |
| what is active transport? | energy requiring process of moning molecules against a concentratino gradient |
| wht is filtration? | substances are forced through a membrane by mechanical prissure |
| wht is phagocytosis? | moving cell engulfs something |
| what is pinocytosis? | stationary cell engulfs something |
| where does protein synthesis occur? | ribosomes |
| wht is genetic disease | illness due to mistake in DNA |
| what are two types of cell division? | mitosis and meiosis |
| what is mitosis? | one cell divides into 2 identicalcells both having a full set of chromosomes |
| what is meiosis? | one cell divides in into 4 cells each having half of the chromosomes |
| what is a diploid number? | full set of chromosomes |
| wht is the first stage of mitosis? | interpahse |
| what is the second stage of mitosis? | prophase |
| wht is the third stage of mitosis? | metaphase |
| what is the fourth stage of mitosis? | anaphase |
| what is the fifth stage of mitosis? | telopahse |
| what is fertilization? | egg and sperm meet and join chromosomes to form a diploid zygote |
| what contains chromosomes of a cell? | cell membrane |
| what is made of phospholipis, protein, and cholesterol? | cell membrane |
| what controls the center of a cell? | nucleus |
| what has a watery solution of minerals, organic molecules, and gases? | cytoplasm |
| what forms the outermost boundary of a cell? | cell membrane |
| wht contains the nucleolus? | nucleus |
| what allows certain substances to enter or leave the cell? | nucleus |
| wht is found between the cell membrane and nuclius? | cytoplasm |
| what is selectivly preamable? | cytoplasm |
| what do mature red blook cells lack? | cell membrane |
| wht provides stability for a cell membrane? | cholestral |
| what forms fores and transporters in a membrane? | protien |
| what are antigens? | proteins |
| what permits diffusion of a lipid soluble into a cell? | phospholipid |
| what are receptor sites for hormones? | protein |
| what is made of protein and ribosomal RNA? | Ribosomes |
| wht is a double membrane structure? | flagellum |
| what are two rod shaped structures the are perpendicular to eachother? | centrioles |
| what is a single long thread like projection? | proteasome |
| what is a short thread like projection through a cell? | cilia |
| what is a single membrane structure that contains tissue enzymes? | lysosomes |
| what are folds of a cell membrane on a free surface? | microvilli |
| what is a series of flat membranous sacs? | golgi apparatus |
| what is barrel shaped enzymatic structure? | mitochondria |
| what is the site of protein synthesis? | ribosomes |
| what is the site fo destruction of damaged proteins? | lysosomes |
| what is the site of ATP production? | proteasome |
| wht digests worn out cell parts or digests bacteria? | golgi apparatus |
| what probides motility for a sperm cell? | flagellum |
| what sweeps materials across a cell surface? | cilia |
| what is a passageway for materials in a cell? | endoplasmic reticulum |
| wht organizes spindle fibers in cell division? | centrioles |
| what secretes minerals in a cell? | mitochondria |
| what increases a surface area by absorption of a cell? | micovilli |
| what is diffusion? | movement of molecules from greater concentration to lesser concentration |
| what is osmosis? | diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| what is facilitated diffusion? | water and dissolved materials move through a membrane to area of higher pressure to area of lower. |
| what is active transport? | diffusion of molecules requiring carrier enzyes or transporters |
| what is filtration? | the use of energy to move molecules form area of lesser con to higher |
| what is pahgocytosis? | the engulfing of something by a moving cell |
| what is pinocytosis? | the engulfing of somehting by a stationary cell |
| what absorbs water by the small intestine or kidneys? | osmosis |
| what is movement of oxygen from blood to cells of body? | facilitated duffusion |
| what forces plasma out to become tissue fluid? | filtaration |
| what engulfs bacteria by white blood cells? | phagocytosis |
| what intakes glucose by cells of body? | facilitated diffusion |
| mitosis is necesary to produce what? | egg and sperm cells |
| what is mitosis necessary for? | growth and repair of tissues |
| what is the function of cilia? | sweep material across a surface |
| what does the nucleus of a cell do? | regulates the activites of a cell by the genetic material it contains |
| what is the genetic code for a gene? | carbohydrates |
| what human cells dont undergo mitosis in an adult? | nerve cells and muscle cells |
| what is the function of a microvilli cell? | increase the surface area of the cell membrane |
| what is mitochondria? | the site of cell respiration and ATp production |
| what is a lysosome? | contain enzymes to digest worn out cell parts |
| what is endoplasmic reticulum? | membranous tubules that are passageways within the cell |
| what enables cells to absorb more material? | microvilli |
| what have enzymes that destroy damagedd cell parts? | lysosomes |
| what has many different receptor sites? | cell membrane |
| wht is made of DNA and protein? | chromosomes |
| what is a series of transport tunnels in the cytoplasm? | endoplasmic reticulum |
Created by:
jessfowler08
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