Chemistry
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| Positive charge | Proton
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| Neutral charge | Neutron
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| Negative charge | Electron
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| Non ion atoms charge | Neutral
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| Atomic number | Number of protons
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| Elements | Substance made of one type of atom
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| Atomic weight | Average mass of protons + neutrons
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| @ or more molecules bonded together | Molecule
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| + ion | cation
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| - ion | anion
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| Sharing of electrons | Covalent bond
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| Covalent bond between 2 sulfer atoms | Disulfide bond
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| Hydrogen covalently bonded to another atom | Hydrogen bond
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| Creating or breaking chemical bonds | Chemical reaction
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| 2 kinds of chemical reactions | synthesis and decomposition
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| Synthesis | atoms formed to make new compound
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| Decomposition | atoms broken to form 2 or more smaller molecules
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| Synthesis requires | energy
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| Decomposition releases | energy
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| Water is a | solvent
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| Solutes | dissociate in water
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| Lubricant | reduces friction in GI tract and joints
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| Requires a lot of ____ to raise temperature | heat
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| Gives off a lot of ______ when cooled | energy
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| Intracellular fluid ICF | water within the cells
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| Extracellular fluid ECF | water outside the cells
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| 4 ECF compartment | Plasma Lymph Interstitial fluid Specialized fluid
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| Plasma | water in the blood
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| Lymph | water in the lymph system
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| Interstitial fluid | water found between cells
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| Specialized fluid | Synovial fluid, CSF, aqueous humor,
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| Oxygen | O2 molecule in the form of a gas
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| Oygen | important in cellular respiration
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| Carbon dioxide | CO2 molecule in the form of a gas
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| Carbon dioxide | waste product of cellular respiration
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| pH | parts hydrogen
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| Acid | substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in water
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| Base (alkaline) | substance the decreases the concentration of H+ ions in water
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| Acidic on pH scale | 0-6.99
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| Base on pH scale | 7.01-14
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| 7 on the pH scale | neutral
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| pH of blood | 7.35-7.45
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| Gastric juice (b or a) | acid
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| Saliva (b or a) | acid
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| Sea water (b or a) | base
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| Baking soda (b or a) | base
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| What does a buffer system do | regulates pH
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| Organic compounds contain | hydrogen AND carbon
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| Carbohydrate classifications (4) | Monosaccharides Disaccharide Oligosaccaride Polysaccharide
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| Monosaccharides | single sugar carbohydrates
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| Disaccharides | two sugar carbohydrates
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| Deoxyribose | pentose sugar...part of DNA
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| Ribose | pentose sugar....part of RNA
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| Disaccharide (bond) | Covalently bonded
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| Disaccharide examples | Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
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| Oligosacccharides | 3-20 sugar cabohydrates
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| Polysaccharides | 20-infinity sugar carbohydrates
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| Polysaccharides example | Starches Glycogen Cellulose
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| Starchs | glucose stored in plant cell walls
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| Glycogen | the form of glucose stored in animals (in liver and skeletal muscle)
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| Cellulose | Chain of glucose in plant cell walls
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| What Polysaccharides can we NOT digest | cellulose
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| Lipids | fats
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| Lipids (3) | True fats Phospholipids Steroids
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| True Fats made of | Glycerol and 1, 2, or 3 fatty acids
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| Monoglyceride | glycerol with 1 fatty acid
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| Diglyceride | glycerol with 2 fatty acids
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| Triglycerides | glycerol with 3 fatty acids
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| True fats may be... | Saturated unsaturated
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| Satutrated | all carbons bonded to the max number of carbons
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| Unsaturated | one or more carbons are double bonded
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| Saturated (state) | usually solid at room temp
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| Unsaturated state) | usually liquid at room temp
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| Saturated (origin) | usually from animal fat
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| Unsaturated (origin) | usually from plan (oil) fats
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| Hydrogenated/trans fats | unsaturated fats that are converted to saturated
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| Phospholipids contain | protein and cholesterol
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| Phospholipids | Diglyceride with phosphate group (at 3 bonding site)
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| Structural component of our cell membrane | Phospholipids
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| Steroids | made form cholesterol
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| Steroids | 4 carbon rings with C and H tail
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| Proteins | made of Amino acids (AA)
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| Proteins contain | C, H, O, N and R (variable)
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| Enzymes | Catalysts that speed up reactions without the need of heat
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| Nucleic acid | DNA, RNA, ATP
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| Base of DNA | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytocine
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| Base of RNA | Adenine, Guanine, Cytocine, Uracil
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| Double helix | DNA
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| Adenine- | Thymine
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| Guanine- | Cytocine
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| Uracil- | Adenine
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| Single strand copied form DNA | RNA
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| DNA | Deoxyribose Neucleic Acid
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| Ribose Neucleic Acid | RNA
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| Adenine Triphosphate | ATP
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| ATP basic form of | energy
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| Made during cell respiration | ATP
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| ADP | Adenosine Triphosphate
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| Fe | Iron
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| Ca | Calcium
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| O | Oxygen
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| C | Carbon
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| H | Hydrogen
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| K | Postassium
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| Na | Sodium
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| I | Iodine
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| P | Phosphate
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| Mg | Magnessium
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| N | Nitrogen
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| S | Sulfer
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| Cl | Chlorine
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| Cu | Copper
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| Zn | Zinc
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| Co | Cobalt
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| Mn | Manganes
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| F | Flourine
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| The most abundant compound in the human body | Oxygen
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| Part of hemoglobin in RBC | Iron
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| Part of some proteins such as insulin | Sulfer
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| Provides strength in bones and teech | Calcium
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| Necessary for blood clotting | Calcium
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| Necessary for muscle contraction | Calcium
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| Part of the hormone thyroxine | Iodine
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| Part of DNA and RNA | phosphorus
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| Provides strenth in bones | Phosphorus
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| Necessary for nerve inpulse transmission | Sodium and Potassium
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| Necessary for muscle contraction | Sodium and Potassium
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| Primary energy source for cells | Glucose
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| Part of DNA and RNA | Pentose sugar
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| A sugar that is digested to monosaccharides to produce energy | Sucrose
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| A polysaccharide that is digested to glucose and used for energy production | Starch
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| A polysaccharide that promotes peristalsis in the colon | Glycogen
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| The storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles | Cellulose
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| Also called fiber | Cellulose
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| An energy storage molecule in subcutaneous tissue | True fats
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| A diglyceride that is part of cell membrane | Phospholipids
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| changed to VitD in the skin on exposure to sunlight | Cholesterol
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| Used to synthesize the steroid hormones | Cholesterol
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| Bonded by peptide bonds to form protein | Amino acids
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| Includes enzymes and antibodies | Proteins
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| Include hemoglobin and insulin | Protein
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| 6 carbon monosaccharide or hexose sugar | Glucose
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| 5 carbon monosaccharide | pentose sugar
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| A disaccharide | Sucrose
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| Polysaccharide made by plants for energy storage | Starch
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| Polysaccharide for energy storage in animal cells | Glycogen
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| Polysaccharide that is part of plant cell walls | Cellulose
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| Made of one glycerol and 1, 2, or 3 fatty acids | True fats
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| A diglyceride that includes a phosphate group | Phospholipids
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| A steroid | Cholesterol
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| The molecular subunit of protein | Amino Acids
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| Made of many amino acids | Proteins
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