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S. Anat2
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Positive charge | Proton |
| Neutral charge | Neutron |
| Negative charge | Electron |
| Non ion atoms charge | Neutral |
| Atomic number | Number of protons |
| Elements | Substance made of one type of atom |
| Atomic weight | Average mass of protons + neutrons |
| @ or more molecules bonded together | Molecule |
| + ion | cation |
| - ion | anion |
| Sharing of electrons | Covalent bond |
| Covalent bond between 2 sulfer atoms | Disulfide bond |
| Hydrogen covalently bonded to another atom | Hydrogen bond |
| Creating or breaking chemical bonds | Chemical reaction |
| 2 kinds of chemical reactions | synthesis and decomposition |
| Synthesis | atoms formed to make new compound |
| Decomposition | atoms broken to form 2 or more smaller molecules |
| Synthesis requires | energy |
| Decomposition releases | energy |
| Water is a | solvent |
| Solutes | dissociate in water |
| Lubricant | reduces friction in GI tract and joints |
| Requires a lot of ____ to raise temperature | heat |
| Gives off a lot of ______ when cooled | energy |
| Intracellular fluid ICF | water within the cells |
| Extracellular fluid ECF | water outside the cells |
| 4 ECF compartment | Plasma Lymph Interstitial fluid Specialized fluid |
| Plasma | water in the blood |
| Lymph | water in the lymph system |
| Interstitial fluid | water found between cells |
| Specialized fluid | Synovial fluid, CSF, aqueous humor, |
| Oxygen | O2 molecule in the form of a gas |
| Oygen | important in cellular respiration |
| Carbon dioxide | CO2 molecule in the form of a gas |
| Carbon dioxide | waste product of cellular respiration |
| pH | parts hydrogen |
| Acid | substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in water |
| Base (alkaline) | substance the decreases the concentration of H+ ions in water |
| Acidic on pH scale | 0-6.99 |
| Base on pH scale | 7.01-14 |
| 7 on the pH scale | neutral |
| pH of blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| Gastric juice (b or a) | acid |
| Saliva (b or a) | acid |
| Sea water (b or a) | base |
| Baking soda (b or a) | base |
| What does a buffer system do | regulates pH |
| Organic compounds contain | hydrogen AND carbon |
| Carbohydrate classifications (4) | Monosaccharides Disaccharide Oligosaccaride Polysaccharide |
| Monosaccharides | single sugar carbohydrates |
| Disaccharides | two sugar carbohydrates |
| Deoxyribose | pentose sugar...part of DNA |
| Ribose | pentose sugar....part of RNA |
| Disaccharide (bond) | Covalently bonded |
| Disaccharide examples | Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose |
| Oligosacccharides | 3-20 sugar cabohydrates |
| Polysaccharides | 20-infinity sugar carbohydrates |
| Polysaccharides example | Starches Glycogen Cellulose |
| Starchs | glucose stored in plant cell walls |
| Glycogen | the form of glucose stored in animals (in liver and skeletal muscle) |
| Cellulose | Chain of glucose in plant cell walls |
| What Polysaccharides can we NOT digest | cellulose |
| Lipids | fats |
| Lipids (3) | True fats Phospholipids Steroids |
| True Fats made of | Glycerol and 1, 2, or 3 fatty acids |
| Monoglyceride | glycerol with 1 fatty acid |
| Diglyceride | glycerol with 2 fatty acids |
| Triglycerides | glycerol with 3 fatty acids |
| True fats may be... | Saturated unsaturated |
| Satutrated | all carbons bonded to the max number of carbons |
| Unsaturated | one or more carbons are double bonded |
| Saturated (state) | usually solid at room temp |
| Unsaturated state) | usually liquid at room temp |
| Saturated (origin) | usually from animal fat |
| Unsaturated (origin) | usually from plan (oil) fats |
| Hydrogenated/trans fats | unsaturated fats that are converted to saturated |
| Phospholipids contain | protein and cholesterol |
| Phospholipids | Diglyceride with phosphate group (at 3 bonding site) |
| Structural component of our cell membrane | Phospholipids |
| Steroids | made form cholesterol |
| Steroids | 4 carbon rings with C and H tail |
| Proteins | made of Amino acids (AA) |
| Proteins contain | C, H, O, N and R (variable) |
| Enzymes | Catalysts that speed up reactions without the need of heat |
| Nucleic acid | DNA, RNA, ATP |
| Base of DNA | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytocine |
| Base of RNA | Adenine, Guanine, Cytocine, Uracil |
| Double helix | DNA |
| Adenine- | Thymine |
| Guanine- | Cytocine |
| Uracil- | Adenine |
| Single strand copied form DNA | RNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribose Neucleic Acid |
| Ribose Neucleic Acid | RNA |
| Adenine Triphosphate | ATP |
| ATP basic form of | energy |
| Made during cell respiration | ATP |
| ADP | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| Fe | Iron |
| Ca | Calcium |
| O | Oxygen |
| C | Carbon |
| H | Hydrogen |
| K | Postassium |
| Na | Sodium |
| I | Iodine |
| P | Phosphate |
| Mg | Magnessium |
| N | Nitrogen |
| S | Sulfer |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| Cu | Copper |
| Zn | Zinc |
| Co | Cobalt |
| Mn | Manganes |
| F | Flourine |
| The most abundant compound in the human body | Oxygen |
| Part of hemoglobin in RBC | Iron |
| Part of some proteins such as insulin | Sulfer |
| Provides strength in bones and teech | Calcium |
| Necessary for blood clotting | Calcium |
| Necessary for muscle contraction | Calcium |
| Part of the hormone thyroxine | Iodine |
| Part of DNA and RNA | phosphorus |
| Provides strenth in bones | Phosphorus |
| Necessary for nerve inpulse transmission | Sodium and Potassium |
| Necessary for muscle contraction | Sodium and Potassium |
| Primary energy source for cells | Glucose |
| Part of DNA and RNA | Pentose sugar |
| A sugar that is digested to monosaccharides to produce energy | Sucrose |
| A polysaccharide that is digested to glucose and used for energy production | Starch |
| A polysaccharide that promotes peristalsis in the colon | Glycogen |
| The storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles | Cellulose |
| Also called fiber | Cellulose |
| An energy storage molecule in subcutaneous tissue | True fats |
| A diglyceride that is part of cell membrane | Phospholipids |
| changed to VitD in the skin on exposure to sunlight | Cholesterol |
| Used to synthesize the steroid hormones | Cholesterol |
| Bonded by peptide bonds to form protein | Amino acids |
| Includes enzymes and antibodies | Proteins |
| Include hemoglobin and insulin | Protein |
| 6 carbon monosaccharide or hexose sugar | Glucose |
| 5 carbon monosaccharide | pentose sugar |
| A disaccharide | Sucrose |
| Polysaccharide made by plants for energy storage | Starch |
| Polysaccharide for energy storage in animal cells | Glycogen |
| Polysaccharide that is part of plant cell walls | Cellulose |
| Made of one glycerol and 1, 2, or 3 fatty acids | True fats |
| A diglyceride that includes a phosphate group | Phospholipids |
| A steroid | Cholesterol |
| The molecular subunit of protein | Amino Acids |
| Made of many amino acids | Proteins |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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