Female Repro Disorders - MCPHS-Manchester PharmD - Pathophysiology Test 1
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| which type of cervical CA is more commonly diagnosed, invasvus or cervical carcinoma in situ | invasvive
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| which type of cervical CA is characterized as cancerous lesions | cervical cancer in situ
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| cervical CA is easily recognized in advance b/c of changes found where upon what exam | dysplastic conditions upon a pap smear
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| cervical CA is detected and cured relatively ____, but mortality is still > in what race | easily detected and cured, African American
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| what risk-F is assoc c/ cervical CA and is a STD | HPV
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| what are other risk-F of cervial CA? 5 | intercourse at an early age, promicous, promiscous male partner, smoking, Hx STD
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| Cervical CA arises from ____, which LT the developmt of _____ and evetually CA | precursor lesions -> atypical cells -> CA
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| the progression of the type of cervical CA from atypical cells is ____ | atypical -> carcinoma in situ -> invasive cervical CA
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| which type of cervical CA is localized to the epithelial layer of the cervix | carcinoma in situ
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| which type of cervical CA is found to extend deeper than the epithelial layer (cervix) | invasive CA of the cervix
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| pap smears detect what and where? | Changes in cell nucleus and cytoplasm, variations in size and shape via hisological examination
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| Variations in the size and shape of cells including the type is aka ___ | Dysplasia
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| If an abnormal growth is detected in the cervix via pap smear, how would you know the severity of it | Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia growth system
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| What does the grading system used to detect the severity of the cervical dysplasia describe | Changes in CA precursor cells
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| What are the levels of severity c/ the CIN grading system, least – most worst | CIN 1 -3 , 1 – least, 3- most worst
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| CIN1 &2 indicates what | Dysplasia in the cervical epithelium c/ possible progression
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| Where does cervical cancer progress to making the change from in situ to invasive | Uterus
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| What is the condition in which functional endometrial tissue is found in ectopic sites outside uterus | Endometriosis
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| Where is the F repro tract is the ectopic endometrial tissue found indicating endometriosis (4) | Ovaries, posterior broad ligaments, pelvis, vagina
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| What is the cx of endometriosis | Unknown
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| Retrograde menstruation is charac by what and is though to be a cx of what? | Endometrial tissue movement up instead of down, endometriosis
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| Dormant, immature cellular elements undergoing metaplasia in distant sites is known to be assoc as a cx for what | Endometriosis
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| Metastasis via lymphatics or vasculature with uterine lining is thought to be a cx of what | Endometriosis
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| Endometriosis is known to have a higher incidence in women who postpone child birth, this is a possible explanation for what recent trend | High incidence in western society, a recent trend in western societies,
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| Experience menarche when is a risk-F for endometriosis | Early menarche
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| Periods of what duration and flow are risk-F for endometriosis | Shorter than normal or longer than normal, heavier flow
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| Experiencing what during menstruation is a risk-F for endometriosis | Pain
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| How hereditary is endometriosis? | First degree relatives
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| Symptoms assoc c/ endometriosis include 3 | Variable but, dysmenorrhea, dyspareuria, infertility
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| If a pt is experience dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility, all at the same time, what is this highly suggestive of | Endometriosis
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| What is used to diagnose endometriosis? | Laproscopy
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| Tx for endometriosis includes (3) | Pain medication, exogenous hormones, removal of tissue
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| How often does endometriosis re-occur | Usually c/I 7 yrs
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| Leiomymomas is aka | Uterine fibroids
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| Leiomymomas is charac as | Benign neoplasms of sm musc origin
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| What is the most common cx of pelvic tumor | Leiomymomas
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| The maj of leiomymoma suffers exp what s&s | Asymptomatic for the maj of the pop c/
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| How is leiomymomas commonly discovered | Routine pelvic exams
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| Menorrhagua, anemia, urinary freq, rectal pressure/constipation, pain are common S&S of _____ | Leiomymomas
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| Thew growth rate of the bening neoplasms of the sm musc assoc c/ leiomomas is known to be accelerated by what | Hormone lvl (endogenous or exogenous high lvl)
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| When might leiomymomas regress c/o Tx | Menopause onset
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| What is the Tx assoc c/ leiomymomas | Surgery or hysterectomy
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| Pregnancy is known to be affected how by leiomymomas | Not happen b/c of lack of implantation
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| How often does leiomymomas reoccur | Very commonly reoccur
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| Imflammation of the upper repro tract is aka | PID
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| What mayB inflamed c/ PID 3 | Uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries
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| Edometritis is consider a type of ____ involving the _____ | PID, uterus
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| Salpingitis is consider a type of ____ involving the ____ | PID, fallopian tubes
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| Oophoritis is consider a type of ____ involving the ____ | PID; ovaries
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| PID is usu caused by what | inFx of many but particular organisms
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| PID risk-F include what age range | 16-24
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| Nulliparity, being unmarried, having multi sex partners and a Hx of ____ are risk-F for what F repro track disorder | PID; PID
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| Symptoms of inFx, pain in the lwr abdomen, pus/purulent discharge from the cervix, adnexal tenderness and pain assoc c/ the cervix are S&S forwhat | PID
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| What is adnexal tenderness | Pain in a site near the site inflamed from PID
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| Tx of PID is | Abtc
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| Diagnosis of PID is by | Laproscopy
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| Complications w/ PID include: ____ -> ____ -> _____ =< _____ + infertility | Scar tissue -> adhesions c/I uterus -> struc anomalies =< Ectopic pregnancies + infertility
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| DysFx menstral cycles are assoc c/ alterations in ______ that supp normal ___ ____ changes | hormones; cyclical endometrial changes
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| lack of menstration is aka | amenorrhea
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| what are the types of amenorrhea | primary and secondary
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| what are the two S&S for primary amenorrhea | by 16 no menstration or by 14 no secondary sex characteristics
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| what is typical for secondary amenorrhea | lack of menstration for > 6mo
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| what is known to cx primary amenorrhea | improper dev c/i repro tract
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| improper dev c/i F repro tract cx amenorrhea could be cx by what 2 | gonadal dev malfx or hypo-ant pit-gonad axis malFx
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| secondary amenorrhea can be cx by numerous -F, one involves changes in what lvl | hormone lvls
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| What can happen to the uterus for secondary amenorrhea to dev | interutirne adhesions
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| which type of amenorrhea is known to result from an inFx | secondary amenorrhea
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| dietary changes including ____ (2) can cx what type of amenorrhea | secondary; low fat or anorexia
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| a women with what percent muscle could be at risk for amenorrhea | high muscle percent than normal
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| what types of activities if excessive can lead to amenorrhea | excessive athletic activities
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| what typr of menstraul disorder is indicative of an underlying cx c/ no physical changes | dysmenorrhea
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| dysmenorrhea is assoc c/ a prob where in the F | prob c/i repro tract
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| Tx for dysmenorrhea is | Tx underlying cx or prob c/i tract
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| S&S of dysmenorrhea includes (2) | pain or discomfort during menstration
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| the maj of women suffer ___ and is assoc c/ emotional/physical changes during menstration | PMS
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| a small portion of women experience PMS c/ ____ S&S and need ____ | xtreme S&S; hormone balance
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| the maj of women experience ____ (S&S) c/ PMS | bloating and easily angered
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| women c/ a high protein to low fat ratio experience ______ b/c of _____ | amenorrhea b/c their body couldnt sustain pregnancy c/ so little fat
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| what type of menstral disorder is assoc c/ a dec menstraul flow | hypomenorrhea
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| what type of menstraul disorder is assoc c/ more freq menorrhea than normal | polymenorrhea
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| menarrhea is aka | excessive bleeding
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| A women c/ turner’s syndrome may have inhereitied what for chromosomes (2) | Only 1 X or missing some of one of the X chromosomes but has both
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| A women with short stature, improrper ovary development, and may be infertile is characteristic of what | Turner’s syndrome
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| Anorexia nervosa can be classified as what type of infertility-F | Hypothalamic infertility-F
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| Excessive exercise is a _____ infertility-F | Hypothalamic
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| Stress assoc c/ the inability to conceive a child is categorized as a _____ | Hypothalamic infertility-F
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| Tumors and malnutrition are both _____ for women trying to get pregnant | Hypothalamic infertility-F
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| In addition to the hypo dysFx assoc c/ F infertility-F, what other structure impt to hormonal control can cx infertility | Pituatary DysFx infertility-F
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| When xs PRL is secreted in a women, what could this cx and what is it classified as | Infertility, pit infertility-F
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| A tumor in the pit could cx ____ not allowing a women to become pregnant | Infertility
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| A deficieny in ____ is classified as a pit infertility-F | Gonatropin
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| Psychomimetics are classified as cx’ing what type of infertility | Pit dysFx infertility
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| Shock, SCD, and DM are all assoc with ___ and ____ and is an infertility-F | Pit infarction, pit dysFx
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| Autoimmune disorders are known to cx what type of infertility-F | Ovarian failure
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| Chemotherapy is known to cx what type of F infertility-F | Ovarian failure
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| Chemotherapy disrupts ____ and results in ____ the oocytes | Cell divison, death of
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| Xs cortisol is assoc c/ what dx and may lead to what in a F | Cushing’s syndrome, F infertility-F
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| Hyper/hypothyroidism my cx ___ in a F | Infertility
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| Polysystic ovary syndrome is charac by ____ | Obesity c/ xs hair combined c/ infertility and lg ovaries
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| STDs may result in cx ____ in a F | Infertility
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| Ovulation dysFx/failure account for how much of F infertility-F | 40%
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| Mechanical/anatomical issues account for how much of F infertility-F | 30-50%
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| Cerivical-F account for how much of F infertility-F | 10 %
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| Hormonal cx’s and malFx is assoc c/ dysFx of ____ and accounts for 40% of infertility | Ovulation dysFx/failure
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| Medical Infertility management involves which partner | Both
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| When medical infertility mngmt is sought, initially what is done to identify the Hx of each | Workup incl, medical, surgical, and drug Hx
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| After a Hx of the partners is obtained, med infertility mngmt looks for ____ in both partners | Struc abnormalities
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| What must both partners manage to reduce infertility-F individually as apart of med infertility mngmt | Underlying Dx
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| Any inFx present must be _____ during med infertility mngmt | Tx
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| If all else is normal and infertility is still present, med infertility mngmt last resort is ____ | Alt reproductive technology
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| Vaginal and uterine aplasia is charac as ____ and is a ___ infertility-F | Lack of cells in F repro; anatomical infertility-F
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| ___ is charac as closure of cervix and prevents _____ | Cervical stenosis; sperm passage
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| Interuterin adhesions is charac as _____ and could be classified as ___ infertility-F | Asherman’s syndrome
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| Cervical stenosis is classified as ____ infertility-F | Anatomical
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| Tumors incl ____ are anatomical infertility-F | Fibroids
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| Interuterine adhesions leading to asherman’s syndrome are common after _____ b/c of ____ | Surgery; scar tissue
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| ____ is an infx c/I F repro tract and common to F c/I 16-24 YOA and is assoc c/ ____ infertility-F | PID; anatomical
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| the are numerous types of ____ including in-vitro fertilization | assited repro technology
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| intracytoplasmic sperm injection is a type of _____ | assited repro technology
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| ____ is banned but is a type of assited repro technology | clonning
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| lousie brown was the first succ _____ in 1978 in which the ovaries are super stimulated | invitro fertilization
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| with invitro fertilization, ______ cx's multiple follicles from xcess ___ (H) | super stimualtated ovaries, FSH
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| monitoring of ___ + ___ in blood is necc in in-vitro fertilization which allows the monitoring of ____ | Est & ProG; follicular development
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| during invitro fertilization, when monitoring indicates, _____ is induced by an anaolg ____ , which is an exogenous ___ surge | ovulation, HcG; LH
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| for invitro fertilization, post-ovulation, the ova is found by _____ | aspirate follicles
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| when the ova is found durring invitro fertilization, ______ happens next | inseminate ova invitro
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| if invitro fertilization is succ, ____ happens and the ___ are returned to the women uterus | fertilization, fertilized ova
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| if the male is found to have a dec sperm count, one assisted repro technology soln is ___ | intracytoplasmic injection
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| invitro fertilization may be assisted throughout pregnancy c/ ____ | hormonal support
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| cloning involves: _____ + _____ -> clonal zygote | removing the nucleus from a female gamete + replacing it with a nucleus from a M/F body cell -> clonal zygote
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| c/ cloning once the nucleus swapping is complete a ____ is formed which will undergo dev into an _____ | clonal zygote, clonal zygote
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| cloning is not 100% identical to individual DNA was taken from b/c of ____ (3) | DNA in mitochondria from gamete and DNA from somatic, diff uterine-F
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| one prob c/ clonning, esp Dolly was ___ b/c of ____ | aging quickly, teolmere length was short and not as long as a natural embryo
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| what abnormality is common to clones (2) | tumors and immune-Fx dec
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