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Origins, insertions, actions_IA

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Description
Innervation
show external surface of lower 8 ribs   External lip of iliac crest   Bilateral: Flexes spine   Most superficial abdominal muscle. Fibers run downwards and towards the mid-line   thoracoabdominal ns. & subcostal n.  
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show Lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia - posterior   (blank)   (blank)   Second level of the lateral aspect of the abdomen. Fibers run upward & towards the mid-line   (blank)  
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Abdominals - External Obliques   show Anterior iliac crest & abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba   Bilateral: Flexes spine   Most superficial abdominal muscle. Fibers run downwards and towards the mid-line   8 - 12th Intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal  
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Abdominals - Internal Obliques   iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia , fascia iliaca   show Bilateral: Flexes spine   Second level of the lateral aspect of the abdomen. Fibers run upward & towards the mid-line   lower 2-3 thoracoabdominal ns. & subcostal n  
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Abdominals - Rectus Abdominus   xyphoid process & costal cartilages 5-7   show Flexes the spine, assists in stabilizing the pelvis   Superficial level of abdomen   thoracoabdominal ns & subcostal n  
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Abdominals - Transversus Abdominus   fascia iliaca, iliac crest (internal lip), thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower 6 ribs   aponeurosis that contributes to rectus sheath   Compress the abdomen   show thoracoabdominal ns, & subsostal n.  
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Abductor Digiti Minimi - Foot   show Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 5th toe   Abducts the 5th (baby) toe   (blank)   Lateral plantar  
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show Pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris   Media side of the base of phalanx of the 5th digit   Abduct the 5th (pinky) digit   Makes up the hypothenar eminence, superficial FDMB & ODM   Ulnar nerve, C8, T1  
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Abductor Hallucis     show Abducts the great toe   (blank)   Medial plantar n  
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Abductor Pollicis Brevis   Tubercle of scaphoid & trapezium & flexor retinaculum   show Abducts the thumb & moves it anteriorly   (blank)   Median nerve C6, C7  
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Abductor Pollicis Longus   show Posterior base of 1st metacarpal (proximal)   Abducts and extends the thumb, laterally rotates thumb. Radial deviation of wrist   Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm   Radial nerve C6, C7  
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Adductor Brevis   body & inferior ramus of pubis   pectineal line & proximal part of linea aspera of femur   Adduction of thigh; assists w/ flexion of thigh   Second level lying beneath the pectineus and adductor longus   show
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Adductor Hallucis   show Lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe   Adducts the great toe   (blank)   Lateral plantar S1, S2  
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Adductor Longus   body of pubis inferior to pubic crest   show Adduction of thigh   Superficial level, same plane as pectineus   Obturator (anterior branch) L2,L3, L4  
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Adductor Magnus   adductor portion: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium. Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity   Add. portion: gluteal tuberosity, lineas aspera, medial supracondylar line. Ham. portion: adductor tubercle of femur   Add. portion: adducts thigh, flexes thigh. Ham. portion: adducts thigh, extends thigh   adductor hiatus transmits femoral A&V from adductor canal to popliteal fossa   show
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Adductor Pollicis   Oblique head: Anterior surface of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals, capitate & trapezoid   Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb   Adducts thumb   show Ulnar nerve, C8, T1  
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Anconeus   Lateral epicondyle of the humerus   Lateral part of olecranon process, posterior surface of ulna   Extends forearm   show Radial C7, C8  
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Auricularis   show Anterior: Anterior to helix of the ear   Anterior: Draws ears forward   (blank)   Anterior & Superior: Facial nerve, temporal branch  
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Biceps Brachii-Long Head   Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula   Tuberosity of the radius, bicipital aponeurosis into the deep fascia of the medial forearm   Flexion of shoulder, Flexion and Supination of Forearm   (blank)   show
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Biceps Brachii-Short Head   Coracoid process of the scapula   Tuberosity of the radius, bicipital aponeurosis into the deep fascia of the medial forearm   Flexion of shoulder, Flexion and Supination of Forearm   (blank)   show
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Biceps Femoris-Long Head   Ischial tuberosity   Lateral head of the fibula   show Superficial on the lateral & posterior aspect of the thigh   Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)  
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Biceps Femoris-Short Head   Linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line of femur   Lateral side of the fibula   show Superficial on the lateral & posterior aspect of the thigh   Sciatic nerve, common peroneal (L5, S1, S2)  
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Brachialis   Anterior, lower ½ of humerus. Deep to the biceps brachii   Ulna tuberosity, coronoid process (the smaller beak-like projection arising from the anterior aspect of the ulna, just below the olecranon process)   Flexion of the forearm   Second level of the front of the humerus   show
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show Upper 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus   Styloid process on the lateral radius at the distal end of the radius   Flexion of the forearm   Superficial level of the lateral side of the forearm. AKA "drinking muscle"   Radial C5, C6  
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Buccinator   Outer surfaces of alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible over the molars and along the pterygomandibular raphe   Deep part of the muscles of the lips   Compresses the cheek   show Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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Coracobrachialis   show Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus   Aduction, some Flexion of shoulder   Second level of the shoulder/upper arm   Musculocutaneous C6, C7  
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Corrugator Supercilii   Medial end of the supercillary arch   Deep surface of the skin under the medial portion of the eyebrow   show (blank)   Facial nerve, temporal branch  
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Deltoid-Anterior   Lateral 1/3 of clavicle   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus   Flexion, Medial (Internal) rotation, Abduction of shoulder   show Axillary C5, C6  
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Deltoid-Middle   Lateral acromion process   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus   show Superficial level of the shoulder   Axillary C5, C6  
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show Spine of scapula   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus   Extention, Lateral (external) rotation, Aduction of shoulder   Superficial level of the shoulder   Axillary C5, C6  
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Depressor Anguli Oris   Oblique line of the mandible   show Depresses the angle of the mouth (frowning)   Lateral to Depressor Labii Inferioris   Facial nerve, mandibular branch  
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Depressor Labii Inferioris   Mandible between the symphysis & the mental foramen   Skin of lower lip   Draws the lower lip down and lateral   Medial to Depressor Anguli Oris   show
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Depressor Septi   Incisive fossa of the maxilla   Nasal septum & ala   show (blank)   Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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Diaphragm   Sternal division: Posterior xiphoid process; costal division-inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages & lower 4 ribs; lumbar-bodies of upper lumbar vertebrae via medial and lateral arcuate ligs.   Central tendon (no bony attachments)   show most impt m of respiration   Pherenic nerve (C3,4,5)  
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show Posterior belly: Mastoid notch of the temporal bone   Intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone   Raises the hyoid bone, assists in opening the jaw, moves the hyoid bone forward & backward (swallowing)   Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles   Posterior portion: Facial nerve  
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Dorsal Interossei - Foot   Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones   Bases of proximal phalanges   show (blank)   Lateral plantar S1, S2  
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show (blank)   (blank)   Abducts fingers away from center of third finger at metacarpophalangeal joints, assist in flexion of fingers   (blank)   Ulnar nerve C8, T1  
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Epicranius   Occipital belly: Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line of the occiput, mastoid process, Frontal belly: Galea aponeurotica   Occipital belly: Galea aponeurotica, Frontal belly: Fascia of the facial muscles & skin above the nose & eyes   show AKA: Occipital frontal   Occipital belly: Facial nerve - posterior auricular branch, Frontal belly: Facial nerve - temporal branch  
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis   Lateral epicondyle of humerus   Base of 3rd metacarpal   Extends hand   show Radial nerve, C6, C7  
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus   Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Just above the lateral epicondyle of humerus   Base of the 2nd metacarpal   Extends hand, radial deviation   show Radial nerve, C6, C7  
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris   Lateral epicondyle of humerus via CET   Base of the 5th metacarpal   Extends hand, ulnar deviation   show Radial nerve, C6-C8  
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show Lateral epicondyle of humerus via CET   Base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit   Extends pinky finger   Superficial level of posterior forearm. AKA "The Tea Cup Finger"   Radial nerve, C6-C8  
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Extensor Digitorum   Lateral epicondyle of humerus via Common Extensor Tendon (CET)   Base of distal phalanges of the four fingers (last joint in distal finger)   Extends fingers and wrist   show Radial nerve, deep branch C6-C8  
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis   floor of sinus tarsi and external retinaculum   show Extends the four lessor toes   (blank)   Deep peroneal L5, S1  
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Extensor Digitorum Longus   lateral condyle tibia, superior 3/4 of medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane   middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes   Extends lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexion of ankle, weak eversion of foot   Lower leg - anterior. Superficial, just lateral to extensor hallicus longus   show
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Extensor Hallicus Longus   Middle part of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane   dorsal aspect of base of the distal phalanx of the great toe   Extends great toe, dorsiflexion of ankle, invertor of foot   show deep peroneal n (L5,S1)  
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(blank)   Posterior Ulna, interosseous membrane   Extensor expansion of the posterior surface of the index finger   Extends index finger   Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm   show
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show Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of radius   Base of proximal phalanx tissue of thumb   Extends thumb, radial deviation   Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm   Radial nerve, C6, C7  
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show Middle 1/3 of dorsolateral surface of ulna (posterior), interosseous membrane   Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb   Extends the thumb   Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm   Radial nerve, C6-C8  
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Flexor Carpi Radialis   show Base of 2 & 3 metacarpals (index & middle finger)   Flexion of hand, abduction/radial deviation at wrist joint   Superficial level of anterior forearm. Crossing from the medial to lateral side   Median nerve C6, C7  
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris   Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon (CFT), Ulnar head: Olecranon process   show Flexion of the hand, adduction/ulnar deviation at wrist joint   Superficial layer of anterior forearm. Medial to palmaris longus.   Ulnar nerve C8, T1  
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Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - Foot   Base of the 5th metatarsal & sheath of peroneus longus tendon   show Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th toe   (blank)   Lateral plantar S1, S2  
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Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - Hand   Anterior surface of flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate   Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit   show Makes up the hypothenar eminence, middle layer   Ulnar nerve, C8, T1  
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Flexor Digitorum Brevis     Sides of middle phalanges of digits 1-4   Flexes middle phalanges   (blank)   show
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Flexor Digitorum Longus   Medial part of the posterior surface of the tibia, inferior to soleal line   Base of the distal phalanges of the four lessor toes   show Lower leg - posterior. Deep on posteromedial aspect of the calf, lateral to the tibialis posterior. Tendon travels around the calcaneous on the medial side   Tibial nerve (S2,S3)  
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show Upper 3/4 anterior & medial shaft of ulna, medial coronoid process, interosseous membrane (connective tissue b/t the radius and ulna) Upper 3/4 anterior & medial shaft of ulna, medial coronoid process, interosseous membrane (connective tissue b/t the radi   Base of the distal phalanges. Digits 2-5   Flexes 4 medial fingers, distal phalanges.   Deep layer of anterior forearm   Medial 1/2: Ulnar nerve  
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis   Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon (CFT), Radial head: Anterior shaft of radius   Medial and lateral sides of middle phalanges. Digits 2-5   Flexion of middle phalanges   Intermediate/second level of anterior forearm   show
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Flexor Hallicus Longus   Lower 2/3 posterior surface of fibula, inferior part of interosseous membrane   show Flexes great toe, plantar flexion and inversion of foot. support medial long arch   Lower leg - posterior. Powerful push-off m during walking. Travels around the calcaneous on the medial side   Tibial nerve (S2,S3)  
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Flexor Hallucis Brevis   Cuboid, lateral cuneiform   Medial head: Medial base of proximal phalanx of great toe, Lateral head: Lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe   Flexes proximal phalanx of great toe   (blank)   show
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Flexor Pollicis Brevis   Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, 1st metacarpal   Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb   Flexes the metacarpophalengeal joint, assists in abduction & rotation of thumb   Makes up the thenar eminence,   show
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Flexor Pollicis Longus   show Base of distal phalanx of thumb   Flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb   Deep layer of anterior forearm   Median nerve, Anterior Interosseous branch C8, T1  
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Gastrocnemius   Lateral head: lateral condyle of the femur; Medial head: Popliteal surface of the femur ABOVE the medial condyle of the femur   Inserts into the posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneol tendon AKA achilles tendon   show Lower leg - posterior. Superficial of the calf   Tibial nerve S1, S2  
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Gemellus - Inferior   ischial tuberosity   Common with tendon of obturator internus to medial surface of greater trochanter   Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies femur   Just inferior to superior gemellus   show
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Gemellus - Superior   Ischial spine   Common with tendon of obturator internus to medial surface of greater trochanter   Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies femur   show superior n to OI & superior gemellus (L5, S1)  
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Geniohyoid   Inferior mental spine on the interior surface of the mandible   show Protrudes the hyoid bone & tongue   Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles   Branch of C1, through hypoglossal nerve  
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Gluteus Maximus   Outer surface of the ilium, posterior sacrum & coccyx, subtuberous ligament   show Hip extension, assists in lateral rotation; ext of trunk when LE are fixed   Superficial covering of the posterior aspect of the hip joint   Inferior gluteal L5, S1, S2 ventral rami  
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Gluteus Medius   Outer surface of ilium b/w anterior & posterior gluteal lines   Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur   Abduction & medially rotates thigh   Intermediate, more lateral than gluteus maximus. Mostly covered by gluteus maximus - Test using "Stork Test"   show
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Gluteus Minimus   Outer surface of ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines   Anterior surface of greater trochanter   Abducts & medially rotates thigh   Deep, more lateral than gluteus maximus. Covered by gluteus maximus and medius   show
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show Body & inferior ramus of pubis   superior medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)   adducts thigh; flexes leg; assists with medial rotation of leg   Adductor - on superficial level on the medial aspect of the thigh   Obturator (anterior branch) L2,L3  
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Iliacus   show Tendon of psoas major to Lessor trochanter of the femur   Hip flexion   Deepest level of the anterior pelvis. Commonly called the Iliopsoas muscle   Femoral (L2, L3)  
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Iliocostalis Cervicis   Angles of the ribs   TVP C4-C6   show (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Iliocostalis Thoracis   Angles of lower 6 ribs   Angles of upper 6 ribs & TVP of C7   Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion   show Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Infraspinatus   Infraspinous fossa of the scapula   Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.   Lateral rotation of humerus, stabilization   Second level of Upper back   show
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show Inferior border of upper 11 ribs   Superior border of rib below   Draws ribs UP, increasing thoracic volume   Muscles of inspiration. Fibers run obliquely downward toward the costal cartilage   Intercostals  
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show From the cartilage to the angles of the upper 11 ribs   Superior border of the rib below   Draws ribs DOWN, decreasing thoracic volume   Muscles of expiration. Fibers run obliquely upward toward the costal cartilage   Intercostals  
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Interspinalis   Spinous process of C3-C7, T2-T12, L2-L5   Spinous process of vertebrae above   Extension of spine   (blank)   show
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Latissimus Dorsi   Through the Thoracolumbar fascia (T7-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5), Iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs   show Extension, adduction & medial rotation of the humerus   Superficial level of lower back   Thoracodorsal C6-C8  
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Levator Anguli Oris   show Angle of the mouth   Elevates the corner (angle) of the mouth   Deep to Levator Labii Superioris   Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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Levator Labii Superioris   Angular head: Frontal process of the maxilla & zygomatic bone Infraorbital head: Lower margin of the orbit   show Angular head dilates the nares & both heads elevate the upper lip   2 heads - Angular, Infraorbital   Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris   Inferior surface of the lessor wing of the sphenoid bone   Skin of the upper eyelid   Superior movement of upper eyelid   (blank)   show
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show Tranverse processes C1-C4   Medial border of the scapula. Superior the spine & Inferior the superior angle of the scapula   Elevates the scapula. Downward rotation (acromion process goes down)   Second level of the upper back   Dorsal Scapular C5  
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Longissimus Capitus   TVP T1-T5, articular processes of C5-C7   Posterior portion of mastoid process   Bilateral: extension of head Unilateral: rotation of head   show Middle & lower cervical nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Longissimus Cervicis   show TVP C2-C6   Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion   (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Longissimus Thoracis   Medial & lateral sacral crests, spinous processes & supraspinal ligaments of T11-L5 & medial part of iliac crest   TVP of T1-T12, between tubercles, angles of lower 9-10 ribs   Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion   (blank)   show
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show TVP of C3 - C6   Occiput bone anterior to the foramen magnum   Flexes head   Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebra Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck   C1 - C3  
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Longus Colli   Superior Oblique part: TVP C3-C5 Inferior Oblique part: Bodies of T1-T3 Vertical part: Anterior bodies of C5-T3   Superior Oblique part: Anterior arch of atlas Inferior Oblique part: TVP C5 & C6 Vertical part: Anterior surface of C2 - C4   All three parts flex the cervical vertebrae   show C2 - C7  
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Lumbricales - Foot   Tendon of flexor digitorum longus   Dorsal surfaces of proximal phalanges   show (blank)   1st - medial plantar L4, L5 2nd-5th - lateral plantar  
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Lumbricals - Hand   Tendons of flexor digitorum palmaris in the palm   Lateral side of extensor digitorum on the fingers   Extends the fingers & the interphalangeal joint   show 1st - medial plantar n; lateral 3 - lateral plantar n  
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Masseter   Zygomatic process of maxilla, medial & inferior surfaces of zygomatic arch   Angle & ramus of the mandible, lateral surface of coronoid process of the mandible   Closes lower jaw & clenches teeth   (blank)   show
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Mentalis   show Skin of the chin   Raises & protrudes the lower lip & wrinkles the skin of the chin.   John Travolta chin   Facial nerve, mandibular branch  
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Multifids   show Spinous process 2 to 4 vertebrae above   Bilateral: extension Unilateral: contralateral rotation of spine   (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Mylohyoid   show Hyoid bone   Elevates the hyoid, raises the floor of the mouth & tongue   Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles   Trigeminal nerve, mandibular division  
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Nasalis   Transverse part: Middle of the maxilla Alar part: Greater alar cartilage, skin on nose   Transverse part: Muscle of opposite side over the bridge of the nose Alar part: Skin on the point of the nose Alar part: Skin on the point of the nose   show 2 parts - transverse & alar   Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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Obliquus Capitis Inferior   show TVP of C1 - Atlas   Ipsilateral rotation - affects only C1 & C2   (blank)   Suboccipital nerve  
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Obliquus Capitis Superior   TVP of C1 - Atlas   Occiput between inferior & superior nuchal lines   Extends head & ipsilateral lateral flexion   (blank)   show
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Obturator Externus   show Trochanteric fossa of femur   Lateral rotation of thigh; steadies head of femur   (blank)   Obturator nerve (posterior division) L3, L4  
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show Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones   Common tendon with superior & inferior gamelli to medial surface of greater trochanter of femur   Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies the femoral head   Obturator internus, superior & inferior gemellus form a common tendon to insert into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur   n. to oburator internus & superior gemellus (L5, S1)  
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Omohyoid   Superior border of the scapula, just medial to the suprascapular notch   Inferior: Bound to the clavicle by the central tendon Superior:Continues to the body of the hyoid bone   show Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles   Ansa cervicalis, C2-C3  
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Opponens Digiti Minimi   Anterior surface of flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate   show metacarpalRotates & draws 5th metacarpal forward & assists in flexion of carpometacarpal joint (wrist)   (blank)   Ulnar nerve C8, T1  
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Opponens Pollicis   show Lateral border of 1st metacarpal   Rotates the thumb into opposition with fingers   Makes up the thenar eminence, deep to abductor pollicis   Median nerve C6, C7  
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Orbicularis Oculi   Orbital part: Frontal bone, maxilla Palpebral part: Medial palpebral ligament Lacrimal part: Lacrimal bone   Orbital part: Continues around the orbit back to the origin Palpebral part: Lateral palpebral ligament into the zygomatic bone Lacrimal part: Lateral palpebral raphe   show 3 parts   Facial nerve, temporal & zygomatic branch  
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Orbicularis Oris   Lateral band: Alveolar border of the maxilla Medial band: Septum of the nose Inferior portion: Lateral to the midline of the mandible   Becomes continuous with other muscles at the angle of the mouth into itself   Closure & protrusion of lips   show Facial nerve, buccal & mandibular branch  
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Palmar Interossei   (blank)   (blank)   Adduct fingers toward center of third finger at metacarpophalangeal joints, assists in flexion of fingers   (blank)   show
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Palmaris Brevis   Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis   show Corrugates the skin under the palm   (blank)   Ulnar nerve, C8  
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Palmaris Longus   Medial epicondyle of humerus via CFT   Palmar aponeurosis   Flexes the hand   show Median nerve C6, C7  
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Pectineus   superior ramus of the pubis   pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter   adducts & flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh   show Femoral n (L2, L3); may receive brand from obturator n.  
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show Medial ½ of clavicle, sternum (manubrium & sternal body), upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of the external oblique (abs)   Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus   Adduction, flexion, medial rotation of arm @ shoulder   Superficial level of Upper chest   Medial & lateral Pectoral nerves  
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Pectoralis Minor   show Corocoid process of scapula   Draws scapula down and forward   Deepest level in Upper chest. Deep to Pec major   Medial Pectoral nerve  
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Peroneus Brevis   Inferior 2/3 lateral surface of the fibula   dorsal suface of tuberosit on Lateral side of the 5th metatarsal   evertion of foot, weak Plantar flexor   show Superficial peroneal n (L5, S1, S2)  
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Peroneus Longus   the head & superior 2/3 lateral surface of the fibula   show Plantar flexes ankle & everts foot, depresses the base of the 1st metatarsal   more superficial than brevis   Superficial peroneal n ( L5, S1, S2)  
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Peroneus Tertius   show Dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal   Doriflexion of ankle & assists in eversion of foot   Lower leg - anterior. Superficial, antereolateral surface of leg   deep peroneal n (L5, S1)  
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Piriformis   Anterior sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament   superior border of the greater trochanter   Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh; stedies femoral head in acetabulum   Runs behind the ilium   show
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Plantar Interossei   Base and medial sides of 3, 4, 5 metatarsals   Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3 -5th toes   Adducts toes, flexes proximal phalanges   show Lateral plantar S1, S2  
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Plantaris   inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur & oblique popliteal ligament   posterior surface of calaneous via achilles tendon   show Lower leg - posterior. Absent in 10% of people   Tibial nerve S1,S2  
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Platysma   Subcutaneous fascia of the upper 1/4 of the chest   Subcutaneous fascia & muscle of the chin, jaw & mandible   Depresses & draws lower lip laterally   (blank)   show
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Popliteus   Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur & lat meniscus   posterior surface of the tibia superior to soleal line   show Lower leg - posterior. Deep layer, very short muscle.   Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1  
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Procerus   Fascia over the nasal bone & lateral nasal cartilage   Skin between the eyebrows   Draws down the medial part of the eyebrows & wrinkles the nose   (blank)   show
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Pronator Quadratus   show Distal antereolateral surface of radius   Pronation of forearm and hand   Deepest level of anterior forearm. Forms band across wrist. Origin on Ulna and the insertion is slightly more distal on the Radius   Median nerve, anterior interosseous branch C8, T1  
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Pronator Teres   Humeral head: Medial supracondylar ridge, medial epicondyle of the humerus Ulnar head: Coronoid process   Mid lateral surface of radius   Pronation, flexion of forearm   show Median nerve C6, C7  
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Psoas Major   show Lessor trochanter of the femur   Hip flexion, stabalizes hip jt with psoas minor & iliacus   Deepest level of the anterior lumbar spine. Commonly called the Iliopsoas muscle   L1,2,3 ventral rami  
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Pterygoid-Lateral   Superior head: lateral surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone Inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate   Condyle of the mandible & tempomandibular joint   show (blank)   Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division  
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show Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, palentine bone, tuberosity of maxilla   Medial surface of the ramus & angle of the mandible   Closes lower jaw & clenches teeth   Deep to masseter. Palpable from the inside   Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division  
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show Lateral border of ischial tuberosity   Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and inferior to it   Lateral rotation of thigh; steadies the femoral head   (blank)   n to quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus (L5, S1)  
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Quadratus Lumborum   show iliolumbar lig & internal lip of iliac crest   fixes 12th rib during inspiration, Lateral flexion, raises one hip, bilateral assists in lumbar ext   (blank)   ventral rami T12, L1-4  
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Quadratus Plantae   Medial head: Medial calcaneus Lateral head: Lateral border of the inferior calcaneous   show Flexes distal phalanx of 4 lessor toes   (blank)   Lateral plantar S1, S2  
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Rectus Capitus Anterior   Anterior base of TVP of the Atlas   show Flexes head   Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebra   C2, C3  
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Rectus Capitus Lateralis   TVP of the atlas   Jugular process of the occipital bone   Bends head laterally   Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebra   show
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Rectus Capitus Posterior Major   show Lateral portion of inferior nuchal line   Extends head & ipsilateral rotation   (blank)   Suboccipital nerve  
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Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor   Posterior arch of C1 - Atlas   Medial portion of the inferior nuchal line   Extends head   show Suboccipital nerve  
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Rectus Femoris   AIIS & ilium superior to acetabulum   base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon   show Below sartorius, most superficial quadracep in the middle of the anterior thigh   Femoral L2, L3, L4  
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Rhomboid Major   show Medial edge of the scapula. Inferior spine of the scapula   Retraction, downward rotation of the scapula (elevation of medial border)   Second level of the upper back   Dorsal Scapular C5  
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Rhomboid Minor   Spinous processes of C7-T1   show Retraction, downward rotation of the scapula (elevation of medial border)   Second level of the upper back   Dorsal Scapular C5  
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show Fascia over the masseter   Skin at the angle of the mouth   Retracts the angle of the mouth (grinning)   (blank)   Facial nerve, mandibular branch  
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Rotators   TVP of each vertebrae   Spinous process of vertebrae   show (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Sartorius   show superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (cover tendons of gracilis & semitendinosus: pes anserinus)   Flexes, abducts & laterally rotates femur at the thigh. flexes leg at knee joint   Longest muscle in the body. Superficial, crossing the anterior thigh from lateral to medial   Femoral L2, L3  
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show TVP C3 - C6   Inner border of first rib - the scalene tubercle   Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion & contralateral rotation. Raises 1st rib in inspiration, chest breathing Bilateral: Flexes neck   Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck   Ventral rami of cervical nerve C1 - C8  
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Scalenes - Middle   TVP C2 - C7   Upper surface of 1st rib   Unilateral: Ipsilateral flexion & contralateral rotation. Raises 1st rib in inspiration Bilateral: Flexes neck   Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck   show
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Scalenes - Posterior   TVP C5 - C7   show Bilateral - flexes neck Unilateral - ipsilateral flexion & contralateral rotation. Raises 2nd rib in inspiration   Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck   Ventral rami of the lower cervical nerves  
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Semimembranosus   show Posterior part of the medial tibial condlye   extend thigh;Flexes knee; medially rotates leg at knee joint; extend trunk when feet planted   Deep to semitendinosus   Sciatic nerve, tibial division L5, S1, S2  
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Semispinalis Capitus   Ligmentum Nuchae-C7 and T1-3   occiptal bone and mastoid process o temporal bone   show (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Semispinalis Cervicis   TVP of T1-T6   Spinous processes of C2-C5   Bilateral: extension Unilateral: rotation   (blank)   show
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show TVP T6-T10   Spinous processes of C6-T4   Bilateral: extension Unilateral: rotation   (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Semitendinosus   Ischial tuberosity   Medial surface of superior tibia (pes anserinus)   show Superficial to semimembranosus, provides medial support   Sciatic nerve, tibial division L5, S1, S2  
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Serratus Anterior   show Anterior, medial border of scapula   Downward rotation, protraction and stabilization of scapula   Deepest level of lateral thorax and upper back   Long Thoracic nerve, C5-C7  
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Serratus Posterior Inferior   Sp. Pr. T11 - L3   Inferior border of lower 4 ribs   Pulls ribs down, resisting the force of the diaphram   show T9 - T12  
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Serratus Posterior Superior   Ligamentum nuchae, Sp. Pr. C7 - T3   Superior borders of ribs 2 - 5   Raises ribs during inspiration, increases thoracic volume   show T1-T4  
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Soleus   Posterior aspect of head of fibula, sup 1/4 of post surface of fibula, and soleal line of tibia & medialborder of tibia   posterior surface of Calcaneous via the achilles tendon   show Lower leg - posterior. Second level of calf, immediately below the gastrocnemious   Tibial nerve S1, S2  
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Spinalis Cervicis   show Spinous process of Axis (C2)   Extends cervical spine   (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Spinalis Thoracis   Spinous process of T11-L2   Spinous processes of T1-T8   show (blank)   Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division  
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Splenius Capitus   ligamentum nuchae, C7 and T1-3   show Bilateral: extend, hyperextend the head Unilateral: lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation   (blank)   Middle & lower cervical nerve, lateral branches of dorsal primary division  
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Splenius Cervicis   Spinous process of T3-T6   TVP C1-C3   show (blank)   (blank)  
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Sternocleidomastoid   Sternal head: Manubrium of the sternum Clavicular head: Medial part of the clavicle   Mastoid process, lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line of the occiput   show (blank)   Accessory nerve (CNXI), spinal part C2, C3  
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Sternohyoid   Medial end of the clavicle & manubrium   Body of the hyoid bone   Depresses the hyoid bone   Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles   show
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Sternothyroid   show Lamina of the thyroid cartilage   Depresses thyroid cartilage   Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles   Ansa cervicalis, C1-C3  
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Stylohyoid   Styloid process of the temporal bone   Hyoid bone   show Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles   Facial nerve  
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Subclavius   show Inferior surface of medial clavicle   Depress the clavicle (very small movement)   (blank)   C5, C6  
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show Supscapular fossa   Lesser tubercle of humerus   Medial rotation of humerus, stabilization   Deepest level of upper back.   Upper & Lower Subscapular C5, C6  
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Supinator   Lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral ligament of elbow   Upper 1/3 of dorsolateral surface of radius   Supinates forearm   Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of the forearm, passes obliquely from lateral to medial   show
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show Supraspinous fossa of the scapula   Superior part of the Greater Tubercle of humerus   Initiates Abduction (10-15 degrees). Stabilization.   Second level of Upper back. Forms part of SITS group   Suprascapular C5  
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Temporalis   Temporal fossa, consists of the frontal, temporal & parietal bones of skull   Coronoid process, anterior border of ramus of the mandible   show (blank)   Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division  
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Temporoparietals   show Lateral border of the galea aponeurotica   Raises ears, tightens scalp   Deep to temporal fascia   Facial nerve - temporal branch  
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Tensor Fasciae Latae   ASIS & anterior part of iliac crest   Iliotibial band (ITB) to lateral tibial condyle   abducts, medially rotate, and flexes the thigh; support femur on tibia when standing, but no direct axn on leg; steady trunk on thigh   Superficial on the lateral thigh   show
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Teres Major   Lower 1/3 lateral border of scapula. Near the inferior angle   Medial lip of the bicipital groove   show Second level of Upper back   Lower Subscapular C5, C6  
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Teres Minor   show Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus. Just below the infraspinatus   Lateral rotation of humerus, stabilization   Second level of Upper back   Axillary C5  
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Thyrohyoid   show Greater cornu of the hyoid bone   Depresses the hyoid or raises the thyroid   Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles   C1 through the hypoglossal nerve  
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Tibialis Anterior   Lateral condyle of tibia, superior 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia & interosseous membrane   Medial & plantar surface of the 1st cuneiform (medial) & base of the 1st metatarsal   Doriflexion of ankle & weak invertor of foot   Lower leg - anterior. Most superficial, anteriolateral surface of the tibia   show
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Tibialis Posterior   show Navicular tubercle, cuboid, all cuneiform bones, metatarsals 2-4 & sustentaculum tali (all of the tarsal bones execpt talus)   MAIN invertor of foot, Plantar flexion; resists collapse of arch   Lower leg - posterior. Deepest and between flexor hallicus longus and flexor digitorum longus. Tendon travels around the calcaneous on the medial side   Tibial nerveL4, L5  
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Trapezius   Base of skull; Superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12   Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion process, spine of the scapula   Upper portion: elevation & rotation of scapula. Lower portion: depress scapula   show Accessory C3, C4  
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Triceps Brachii - Lateral head   Upper ½ posterior shaft of humerus, above the radial groove   Olecranon process   show Superficial layer on the posterior arm   Radial C7, C8  
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Triceps Brachii - Long head   Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula   show Extends forearm, assists in adduction of shoulder if arm is abducted   Superficial layer on the posterior arm   Radial C7, C8  
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Triceps Brachii - Medial head   Lower ½ posterior shaft of humerus, below the radial groove   Olecranon process   show Superficial layer of the posterior arm   Radial C7, C8  
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Vastus Intermedius   show base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon   Knee extension   Deep to biceps femoris, close to the anterior shaft of the femur   Femoral L2, L3, L4  
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Vastus Lateralis   greater trochanter and lateral lip of lineas aspera of femur   base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon   show Superficial on the lateral side of the thigh   Femoral L2, L3, L4  
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Vastus Medialis   Intertrochanteric line & medial lip of the linea aspera   show Knee extension   Superficial on the medial side of the thigh   Femoral L2, L3, L4  
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show Zygomatic bone   Angle of the mouth   Draws angle of mouth up & back (laughing)   Lateral to Zygomaticus Minor   Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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show Zygomatic bone   Upper lip lateral to levator labii superioris   Forms the nassolabial furrow   Medial to Zygomaticus Major   Facial nerve, buccal branch  
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Levator Ani (3 parts)   puborectalis, pubococcygues (main part), iliococcygeus   (blank)   supports pelvic viscera, resists thrusts of increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, etc)   show perineal brances of S3, 4  
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psoas minor   sides of T12-L1 vertebrae an disc   pectineal line & iliopectineal eminence   show tendon like   L1, L2 ventral rami  
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show from floor of sinus tarsi, and external retinaculum   great toe   extends great toe   (blank)   deep peroneal n  
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