Anatomy flash cards for Exam
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| the study of structure, their forms and organization | anatomy
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| -subject is erect -the face is forward -upper limbs at the side -palms forward | anatomical position
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| study of body functions, what they do and how they do it | physiology
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| pleural cavities (right and left)-contain the lungs; pericardial cavity; the mediastinum | thoracic cavity
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| located on the anterior/ventral(belly) side of the body; contains the organs called viscera; two subdivisions: thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity | ventral cavity
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| covers organs | visceral membrane
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| located near the the posterior/dorsal(back) surface of the body; composed of cranial cavity and vertebral/spinal canal | dorsal cavity
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| lungs | pleura
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| depressing it so the control mechanism is shut off | negative feedback
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| enhancing it so the reaction is continued at an even more vigorous rate | positive feedback
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| lines cavities | parietal membrane
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| heart | pericardium
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| maintenance of a stable internal environment despite an ever changing outside environment | homeostasis
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| negative feedback- blood sugar levels, body temperature, blood pressure; positive feedback- control of blood clotting, enhancement of labor contractions, baby suckling for milk | examples of homeostasis
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| refers to a section that divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back) portions | coronal section/frontal section
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| refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left sides | sagittal section
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| refers to a cut that divides the body into upper and lower portions | transverse section
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| atom -> molecule -> macromolecule -> organelle -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism | order of complexity
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| protect tissues, regulate body temp., support sensory receptors; skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands | integumentary system
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| provide frame, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts; bones, ligaments, cartilage | skeletal system
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| cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat; muscles | muscular system
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| detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands; brain spinal cord, nerves, sense organs | nervous system
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| control metabolic activities of body structures; glands that secrete hormones | endocrine system
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| move blood through blood vessels, transport substances throughout body; heart, arteries, capillaries, veins | cardiovascular system
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| return tissue fluid to the blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection; lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen | lymphatic system
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| receive, break down and absorb food, eliminate unabsorbed material; mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestines | digestive system
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| intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood; nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs | respiratory system
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| remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and transport urine; kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | urinary system
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| produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract, produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo and function in birth process | reproductive system
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| a thin sheet of fibers that underlies the epithelium | basement membrane
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| a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint | ligament
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| a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone | tendon
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| form protective barriers(outer layers of the skin and inner lining of the mouth), secretion, absorption, and excretion | epithelial tissue
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| bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells | connective tissue
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| movement | muscle tissue
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| transmit impulses for coordination, regulation, integration and sensory reception | nervous tissue
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| single layer | simple
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| tissue with cells that are in layers | stratified
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| tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not | pseudostratified
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| single layer of flattened cells; common site for diffusion and filtration; forms the walls of the capillaries and air sacs of lungs | simple squamous
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| single layer of cube-shaped cells; secretes glandular products; lines the kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands | simple cuboidal
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| single layer of elongated cells; secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients; forms the lining of the stomach and intestines | simple columnar
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| all cells touch the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface; commonly possesses cilia that move mucous; forms the linings of respiratory tracts | pseudostratified columnar
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| consists of many layers with a relatively flat outer layer; relatively thick layer that provides protection; forms the lining of the oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina | stratified squamous
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| consists of 2-3 layers of cube-shaped cells; layering provides more protection; forms the lining of the lumen | stratified cuboidal
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| consists of several layers of elongated cells; secretes digestive fluids and absorbs; forms the lining of the pharynx and male urethra | stratified columnar
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| the cells may change shape changes between cube-shape to possibly flattened due to increased tension; forms a barrier that prevents contents from diffusing back; forms the linings of the bladder and ureters | transitional
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| composed of mostly fibroblasts and bonds the skin to underlying organs | loose connective tissue
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| found beneath the skin and around joints that function in cushioning joints, insulation, and stores energy | adipose tissue
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| composed of thin, branched fibers of collagen and forms the framework of the lymph nodes and liver | reticular connective tissue
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| very strong tissue that lacks a good blood supply and is located in tendons | dense connective tissue (regular)
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| contains yellow fibers and imparts an elastic quality to the spinal column | elastic connective tissue
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| has a good blood supply and functions as a point of attachment for muscles, support and protection | bone
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| highly resistant to wear that is found on the ends of articulating bones | hyaline cartilage
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| serves as a shock absorbing material between bones and is found in intervertebral disks | fibrocartilage
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| provides strength and flexibility and located in the external ear and larynx | elastic cartilage
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| formed inside the bone and functions include transportation of substances in the body | blood
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| thicker, interwoven, and more randomly organized tissue found in the dermis | dense connective tissue (irregular)
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