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Anatomy Exam
Anatomy flash cards for Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of structure, their forms and organization | anatomy |
| -subject is erect -the face is forward -upper limbs at the side -palms forward | anatomical position |
| study of body functions, what they do and how they do it | physiology |
| pleural cavities (right and left)-contain the lungs; pericardial cavity; the mediastinum | thoracic cavity |
| located on the anterior/ventral(belly) side of the body; contains the organs called viscera; two subdivisions: thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity | ventral cavity |
| covers organs | visceral membrane |
| located near the the posterior/dorsal(back) surface of the body; composed of cranial cavity and vertebral/spinal canal | dorsal cavity |
| lungs | pleura |
| depressing it so the control mechanism is shut off | negative feedback |
| enhancing it so the reaction is continued at an even more vigorous rate | positive feedback |
| lines cavities | parietal membrane |
| heart | pericardium |
| maintenance of a stable internal environment despite an ever changing outside environment | homeostasis |
| negative feedback- blood sugar levels, body temperature, blood pressure; positive feedback- control of blood clotting, enhancement of labor contractions, baby suckling for milk | examples of homeostasis |
| refers to a section that divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back) portions | coronal section/frontal section |
| refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left sides | sagittal section |
| refers to a cut that divides the body into upper and lower portions | transverse section |
| atom -> molecule -> macromolecule -> organelle -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism | order of complexity |
| protect tissues, regulate body temp., support sensory receptors; skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands | integumentary system |
| provide frame, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts; bones, ligaments, cartilage | skeletal system |
| cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat; muscles | muscular system |
| detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands; brain spinal cord, nerves, sense organs | nervous system |
| control metabolic activities of body structures; glands that secrete hormones | endocrine system |
| move blood through blood vessels, transport substances throughout body; heart, arteries, capillaries, veins | cardiovascular system |
| return tissue fluid to the blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection; lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen | lymphatic system |
| receive, break down and absorb food, eliminate unabsorbed material; mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestines | digestive system |
| intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood; nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs | respiratory system |
| remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and transport urine; kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | urinary system |
| produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract, produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo and function in birth process | reproductive system |
| a thin sheet of fibers that underlies the epithelium | basement membrane |
| a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint | ligament |
| a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone | tendon |
| form protective barriers(outer layers of the skin and inner lining of the mouth), secretion, absorption, and excretion | epithelial tissue |
| bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells | connective tissue |
| movement | muscle tissue |
| transmit impulses for coordination, regulation, integration and sensory reception | nervous tissue |
| single layer | simple |
| tissue with cells that are in layers | stratified |
| tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not | pseudostratified |
| single layer of flattened cells; common site for diffusion and filtration; forms the walls of the capillaries and air sacs of lungs | simple squamous |
| single layer of cube-shaped cells; secretes glandular products; lines the kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands | simple cuboidal |
| single layer of elongated cells; secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients; forms the lining of the stomach and intestines | simple columnar |
| all cells touch the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface; commonly possesses cilia that move mucous; forms the linings of respiratory tracts | pseudostratified columnar |
| consists of many layers with a relatively flat outer layer; relatively thick layer that provides protection; forms the lining of the oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina | stratified squamous |
| consists of 2-3 layers of cube-shaped cells; layering provides more protection; forms the lining of the lumen | stratified cuboidal |
| consists of several layers of elongated cells; secretes digestive fluids and absorbs; forms the lining of the pharynx and male urethra | stratified columnar |
| the cells may change shape changes between cube-shape to possibly flattened due to increased tension; forms a barrier that prevents contents from diffusing back; forms the linings of the bladder and ureters | transitional |
| composed of mostly fibroblasts and bonds the skin to underlying organs | loose connective tissue |
| found beneath the skin and around joints that function in cushioning joints, insulation, and stores energy | adipose tissue |
| composed of thin, branched fibers of collagen and forms the framework of the lymph nodes and liver | reticular connective tissue |
| very strong tissue that lacks a good blood supply and is located in tendons | dense connective tissue (regular) |
| contains yellow fibers and imparts an elastic quality to the spinal column | elastic connective tissue |
| has a good blood supply and functions as a point of attachment for muscles, support and protection | bone |
| highly resistant to wear that is found on the ends of articulating bones | hyaline cartilage |
| serves as a shock absorbing material between bones and is found in intervertebral disks | fibrocartilage |
| provides strength and flexibility and located in the external ear and larynx | elastic cartilage |
| formed inside the bone and functions include transportation of substances in the body | blood |
| thicker, interwoven, and more randomly organized tissue found in the dermis | dense connective tissue (irregular) |
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lizzyliz714
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