USMLE - Neuro, Kaplan USMLE Lecture Notes
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| Location of the Raphe nuclei? | show 🗑
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| What does Raphe nuclei produce? | show 🗑
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| Where is serotonin produced? | show 🗑
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| What induces non-REM sleep? | show 🗑
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| What plays role in mood and aggression? | show 🗑
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| What nuclei in the reticular formation are degenerated in Alzheimer? | show 🗑
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| What does locus caeruleus make? | show 🗑
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| show | arousal, cortical activation
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| show | NE
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| what is periaqueductal gray? | show 🗑
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| show | Ach
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| Axis I | show 🗑
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| show | Personality disorders & mental retardation
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| show | Physical conditions
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| show | Psychosocial/environmental problems
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| Axis V | show 🗑
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| show | X-linked mental retardation, affects boys mostly
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| show | large testes (macroorchidism), characteristic but variable face with large ears, long face, high-arched palate
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| show | fetal alcohol syndrome
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| Most common genetic causes of mental retardation | show 🗑
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| How to treat autism | show 🗑
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| differential of schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| show | can't experience pleasant emotion
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| show | illogical connections by ryhthm or puns
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| echolalia | show 🗑
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| show | imitations of movements or gestures
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| perseveration | show 🗑
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| show | DC-PUR 1. Disorganized 2. Catatonic 3. Paranoid 4. Undifferentiated 5. Residual
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| anaclictic depression | show 🗑
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| asperger's | show 🗑
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| rett disorder | show 🗑
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| treatment for ADHD | show 🗑
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| show | violating social norms, becomes antisocial personality disorder at greater than 18 yo
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| show | noncompliant, but not criminal
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| show | haloperidol
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| separation anxiety disorder | show 🗑
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| show | increased NE; decreased GABA and serotonin; anxiety disorders happen more in the NE, and fewer people with the names of Gabby and Sera have anxiety disorders
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| show | decreased NE and serotonin; there's less depression in the NE, and also fewer people named Sera are depressed; NE has more anxiety, less depression
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| show | decreased Ach (A for Alz, A for Ach)
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| show | decreased GABA and Ach; people grab at you less and sneeze less in Huntington Beach
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| Schizophrenia (change in NTs) | show 🗑
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| show | decreased dopamine (have to give them dopamine to treat)
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| show | Schizophrenia increased dopamine; parkinson's decreased dopamine
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| show | not aware of one's illness
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| show | can't locate your own body parts
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| depersonalization | show 🗑
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| show | time, place, person
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| anterograde amnesia | show 🗑
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| show | classic anterograde amnesia; confabulations - To fill in gaps in one's memory with fabrications that one believes to be facts; thiamine deficiency; alcoholics; bilateral destruction of mamillary bodies;
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| Delirium vs. Dementia | show 🗑
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| sensorium | show 🗑
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| show | anticholinergics
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| hallucinations | show 🗑
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| show | misinterpretations of external stimuli
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| show | false beliefs not shared by culture; person still believes them even with evidence to the contrary
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| show | schizophrenia
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| olfactory hallucinations common in... | show 🗑
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| tactile hallucinations | show 🗑
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| show | the sensation of ants crawling on skin
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| show | withdrawal or abstinence from alcohol following habitual excessive drinking; sensation of ants crawling on skin
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| HypnaGOgic | show 🗑
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| show | hallucination upon waking from sleep
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| schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| schizoaffective disorder | show 🗑
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| show | Fulfill at least two criteria. HaNDDD: Hallucinations, Negative sx's (flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought), Delusions, Disorganized thought, Disorganized/catatonic behavior
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| show | DIG FAST: 1. Distractability 2. Irresponsibility (seeks pleasure without thinking of consequences) 3. Grandiosity (inflated self esteem) 4. Flight of ideas (racing thoughts) 5. goal directed Activity and psychomotor Agitation 6. Sleep less 7. Talkativenes
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| Bipolar I | show 🗑
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| show | bipolar + hypomanic
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| Definition of bipolar disorder | show 🗑
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| What is treatment for bipolar? | show 🗑
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| cyclothymic disorder | show 🗑
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| Criteria for major depressive episode | show 🗑
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| show | mild depression, at least 2 years
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| show | SAD PERSONS. Sex (male), Age (teen, elder), Depression, Previous attempt, EtOH/drugs, loss Rational thinking, Sickness (or >3meds), Organized plan, No spouse/child, Social support poor
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| show | PPANIICCCCSSS. Palpitations, Paresthesias, Abd stress, Nausea, Intense fear of dying or losing control, light-headedness, Chest pain, Chills, Choking, disConnectedness, Sweating, Shaking, Shortness of breath
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| EEG waveform for awake (eyes open) state | show 🗑
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| which EEG waveform is highest frequency, lowest amplitude? | show 🗑
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| EEG waveform for awake (eyes closed) state | show 🗑
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| EEG waveform for light sleep (Stage 1) | show 🗑
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| show | Sleep spindles & K complexes. BATS Drink Blood at night
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| show | D for delta. BATS Drink Blood at night
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| show | D for Delta. BATS Drink Blood at night
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| When do sleepwalking, bedwetting take place in sleep? | show 🗑
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| When do erections take place? | show 🗑
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| What stage of sleep does brain use the most O2? | show 🗑
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| What is responsible for extraocular movement in REM sleep? | show 🗑
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| what drug given for night terrors or sleepwalking? | show 🗑
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| show | Bed-wetting - imipramine (shortens stage 4 sleep)
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| show | pair natural response with artificial stimulus (salivate when hear bell ring)
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| show | positive/negative reinforcement
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| Id | show 🗑
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| show | mediate between unconscious and external world
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| Superego | show 🗑
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| show | mom yells at kids because she's mad at dad
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| identification | show 🗑
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| isolation | show 🗑
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| projection | show 🗑
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| show | pervert becomes a monk
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| show | gamete-phobia; fear of marriage
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| show | alg - pain; fear of pain
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| show | fear of heights (Father)
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| agoraphobia | show 🗑
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| adjustment disorder | show 🗑
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| show | uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months; unrelated to specific person/event/thing; bad sleep, fatigue, bad concentration.
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| show | fakes a disorder for gain (avoid work, obtain drugs)
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| factitious disorder | show 🗑
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| Munchausen's syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | illness in child is caused by parent; unconscious motivation; form of child abuse - must report.
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| show | psych drive create physical symptoms; tests are negative for something wrong.
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| conversion | show 🗑
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| somatoform pain disorder | show 🗑
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| hypochondriasis | show 🗑
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| somatization disorder | show 🗑
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| show | preoccupation with minor or imagined physical flaws; seek cosmetic surgery
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| pseudocyesis | show 🗑
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| Cluster A personality disorders | show 🗑
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| show | Wild BAHN; Borderline, Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcississtic; dramatic, emotional, erratic; genetic assn with mood do's and substance abuse
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| Cluster C personality disorders | show 🗑
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| Paranoid | show 🗑
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| Main defense of paranoid person | show 🗑
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| Schizoid | show 🗑
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| Schizotypal | show 🗑
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| Antisocial | show 🗑
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| show | Cluster B, personality do; unstable mood and interpersonal relationships; impulsiveness; sense of emptiness; females more than males
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| show | excessive emotion; attn seeking; sexually provocative
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| Narcissistic | show 🗑
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| avoidant | show 🗑
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| obsessive-compulsive | show 🗑
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| dependent | show 🗑
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