the axial skeleton
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show | forms a longitudinal axis of the body.
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show | supports the limbs.
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show | protects the brain and guard the entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems.
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show | brain case
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8 cranial bones | show 🗑
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show | fluid filled chamber that cushions and supports the brain.
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show | protect and support the entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts.
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show | subdivides the nasal cavity.
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show | several bones of the skull that contain air-filed chambers
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suture | show 🗑
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show | arches across the posterior surface of the skull and separates the occipital bone frm the two parietal bones.
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show | attaches the frontal bone to the parietal bones of either side
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show | formed by occipital, parietal, and frontal bones.
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sagittal suture | show 🗑
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show | on each side of the skull forms the boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone of that side.
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show | forms much of the posterior and inferior surfaces of the cranium.
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external occipital proturberance | show 🗑
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show | begins at the external occipital proturberance, marks the attachment of a ligament that helps stabilize the vertebrae of the neck.
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show | site of articulation between the skull and the first verebra of the neck.
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foramen magnum | show 🗑
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jugular foramen | show 🗑
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show | passes through ths foramen, carrying venous blood from the brain.
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hypoglossal canals | show 🗑
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show | cranial nerves that control the tongue muscles, pass through these canals.
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parietal bones | show 🗑
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Frontal bone | show 🗑
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show | or forehead, forms the anterior, superior portion of the cranium and provides surface area for the attachment of facial muscles.
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show | is a continuous with the superior temporal line of the parietal bone.
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supraorbital margin | show 🗑
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lacrimal fossa | show 🗑
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show | extremely variable in size and time of appearance.
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supraorbital foramen | show 🗑
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temporal bones | show 🗑
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squamous part or squama of the temporal bone | show 🗑
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zygomatic process | show 🗑
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zygomatic arch | show 🗑
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show | attachment site for muscles that rotate or extend the head.
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show | small interconnected cavities withn the masteoid process, that are connected to the middle ear cavity.
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show | near the base of the mastoid process, is attached to ligaments that support the hyoid bone and to the tendons of several muscles associated with the hyoid bone, the tongue, and the pharynx.
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show | located on its internal surface, encloses the structures of the inner ear- sense organs that provide information about hearing and balance.
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auditory ossicles | show 🗑
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show | provides passage for the internal carotid artery, a major artery to the brain.
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show | jagged slit extending between the sphenoid and the petrous portion of the tempora bone and containing hyaline cartilage and small arteries that supply inner surface of the cranium.
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auditory tube | show 🗑
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external acoustic canal or external acoustic meatus | show 🗑
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show | lies porsterior to the base of the styloid process.
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facial nerve | show 🗑
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internal acoustic canal or internal acoustic meatus | show 🗑
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sphenoid, or sphenoidal bone | show 🗑
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body | show 🗑
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sella turcica | show 🗑
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Hypophyseal fossa | show 🗑
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show | occupies this fossa
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show | are on either side of the body, inferior to the sella turcica.
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lesser wings | show 🗑
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show | extend laterally from the body and form part of the cranial floor.
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sphenoidal spine | show 🗑
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pterygoid processes | show 🗑
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optic canals | show 🗑
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superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum. | show 🗑
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show | forms anteromedial floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, and part of the sanal septum and medial orbit wall.
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cribriform plate | show 🗑
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show | bony ridge that projects superior to the cribiform plate.
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Falx cerebri | show 🗑
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lateral masses | show 🗑
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ethmoidal labyrith | show 🗑
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show | open into nasal cavity on each side
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show | delicate projections of lateral masses.
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show | forms part of the nasal septum, along with the vomer and a piece of hyaline cartilage.
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show | cribiform plate permit passage of the olfactory nerves, which provide the sense of smell.
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olfactory foramina | show 🗑
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show | Maxillae, support the teeth and form the inferior orbital rim, the lateral margins of the external nares, upper jaw, and most of the hard palate.
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show | Protects eye and other structures in the orbit.
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Anterior nasal spine | show 🗑
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Alveolar process | show 🗑
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Palatine processes | show 🗑
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Maxillary sinuses | show 🗑
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show | Formed by the maxillary and lacrimal bones, protects the lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct, which carries tears from the orbit of the nasal cavity.
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show | marks the path of the major sensory nerve that reaches the brain via the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid.
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show | lies between the maxillary bone and the sphenoid, permits passage of cranial nerves and blood vessels.
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palatine bones | show 🗑
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horizontal plate | show 🗑
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show | extends from horizontal plate to the orbital process.
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show | forms part of the floor of the orbit.
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show | support the superior portion of the bridge of the nose.
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show | the entrances to the nasal cavity
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show | createthe nasal turbulence in air passng through the nasal cavity, and increase the epithelial surface area to promote warming and humidification of inhaled air.
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zygomatic bones | show 🗑
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show | curves posteriorly to meet the zygomatic process of the temporal bones.
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show | on the anterior surface of each zygomatic bone carries a sensory nerve that innervates the cheek.
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lacrimal bones | show 🗑
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lacrimal sulfocrus | show 🗑
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show | forms the lower jaw
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show | is the horizontal portion of the bone.
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show | supports the lower teeth.
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show | is the attachment site for several facial muscles.
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submandibular salivary gland | show 🗑
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mylohyoid line | show 🗑
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ramus of the mandible | show 🗑
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show | articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint.
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show | insertion point for the temporalis muscle, a powerful muscle that closes the jaws.
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show | is the depression that separates the condylar and coronoid processes.
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show | are openings for nerves that carry sensory information from the lips and chin to the brain.
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mandibular foramen | show 🗑
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hyoid bone | show 🗑
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show | connect the lesser horns to the styloid processes of the temporal bones.
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show | attachment site for muscles of the larynx, tongue, pharynx.
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greater horns | show 🗑
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show | lesser cornua, are attached to the stylohyoid ligaments; from these ligaments;
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show | the mandible is pulled slightly out of alignment, generally by spasms in one of the jaw muscles.
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orbits | show 🗑
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orbital complex | show 🗑
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show | includes the bones that enclose the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses
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paranasal sinuses | show 🗑
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fontanels | show 🗑
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vertebral column | show 🗑
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vertebra | show 🗑
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sacrum | show 🗑
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show | tailbone
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cervical vertebrae | show 🗑
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show | 12, form superior portion of the back
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show | 5, form inferior portion of the back.
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primary curves | show 🗑
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accomodation curves | show 🗑
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secondary curves | show 🗑
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compensation curves | show 🗑
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vertebral body | show 🗑
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show | pads of fibrocartilage.
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vertebral arch | show 🗑
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pedicles | show 🗑
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show | flat layers
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show | encloses the spinal cord
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spinous process | show 🗑
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transverse processes | show 🗑
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show | arise at the junction between the pedicles and the laminae.
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superior and inferior articular process | show 🗑
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articular facet | show 🗑
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intervertebral foramina | show 🗑
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show | originate near the ventrolateral portion of the vertebral body.
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bifid | show 🗑
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show | surrounded by costal and transverse processes encircle prominent. These passageways to protect the vertebral arteries and vertabral veins.
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show | used to describe such an injury, because the movement of the head resembles the cracking of a whip.
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show | cervical vertebra C1, holds up the head, articulating with the occipital condyles of the skull.
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anterior and posterior arches | show 🗑
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show | fuse with atlas C2
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dens | show 🗑
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show | seventh cervical vertebra
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ligamentum nuchae | show 🗑
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show | on the vertebral bodies articulate with the heads of the ribs.
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transverse costal facets | show 🗑
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sacral canal | show 🗑
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median sacral crest | show 🗑
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show | Laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra fail to contact one another at the midline
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show | the opening at the inferior end of the sacral canal.
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show | four pairs crest that open on either side of the median sacral crest.
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lateral sacral crest | show 🗑
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show | thickened, flattened area lateral and anterior to the superior portion of the lateral sacral crest.
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show | roughened area between the lateral sacral crest and the auricular surface.
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apex | show 🗑
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base | show 🗑
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show | promineny buldge at the anterior tip of the base; important landmark for females during pelvic examinations and during labor and delivery.
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ala or wing | show 🗑
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show | first coccygeal vertebrae.
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thoracic cage | show 🗑
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true ribs | show 🗑
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costal cartilages | show 🗑
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false ribs | show 🗑
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head | show 🗑
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tubercle | show 🗑
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show | shaft
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sternum | show 🗑
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show | articulated with thw clavicles (collarbone) and the cartilages of the first pair of ribs.
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show | located between the clavicular articulations, is a shallow indentation on the superior aurface of the manubrium.
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show | attaches to the inferior surface of the manubrium and extends inferiorly along the midline.
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show | the smallest part of the sternum, is attached to the inferior surface of the body. The muscular diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles attach to the xiphoid process.
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