The Endocrine system
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| What is the Endocrine system? | The body's second contolling system, which influences metabolic activities of cells using other horomones.
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| What are the endocrine glands? | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, andf thymus.
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| What does the pancreas and gonads produce? | horomones, and exocrine products
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| The hypothalmus has what function, and releases what? | It has neural functions, and releases horomones
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| What are other tissues and organs that produce horomones? | adipose cells, pockets of cells in the cells in the walls of the small intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart
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| what is secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids? | chemical substances
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| What regulates the metabolic function of other cells? | horomones
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| What are slow acting (seconds-hours) and have prolonged effects? | horomones
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| what are horomones classified as? | acid-based and steroids
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| horomones produce what cellular changes in target cells? | after plasma membrane permeability, stimulate protein synthesis, activate or deactivate enzyme systems, induce secretory activity, stimulate mitosis
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| What are the amino based horomones? | amines, thyroxine, peptide, and protein
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| What binds to receptors on plasma membranes and use second messengers like regulatory G proteins? | amino acide based horomones
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| What horomone uses gonadal and adrenocortical horomones? | steroids
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| What horomone uses direct gene activation? | steroids
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| Steroid horomone passes through the plasma membrane and goes directly to what? | nucleus
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| What causes DNA transcription to produce MRNA? | steroids
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| What is mRNA translated into? | proteins
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| What system are the blood level of horomones controlled by? | negative feedback
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| What varies only within a narrow range of feedback? | blood levels of horomones
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| What are horomones synthesized and released in response to? | humoral stimuli, neural stimuli, hormonal stimuli
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| What stimuli is used in secretion of horomones in direct response of changing blood levels of ions or nutrients? | humoral stimuli
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| With humoral stimuli low blood Ca stimulates the parathyroid glands to secrete what horomone which causesthe blood Ca to rise and the stimulus to be removed? | parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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| What stimuli uses nerves to stimulate horomone release? | neural stimuli
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| Neural stimuli in preganglionic sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla to secrete what? | catecholamines
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| what stimulus releases hormones in response to horomones produced by other endocrine glands? | horomonal stimuli
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| The hypothalmatic horomones stimulate what? | anterior pituitary
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| What horomones stimulate targets to secrete even more horomones? | pituitary horomones
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