Problems of Crime and Order and Classical Economics
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| Throughout the first sixty years of the 19th century, crime appears to have __________________________ | increased slowly but steadily before more or less reaching a plateau.
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| In 1829, the British Parliament passed legislation sponsored by Sir Robert Peel did what? | They placed police on London streets.
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| What were these police called? | Bobbies, or Peelers
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| What were hulks? | Ships where government sent criminals.
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| What was "transportation"? | The British government, instead of capital punishment, would transport criminals to the colony of New Whales in Australia, which they used until the mid-nineteenth century.
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| Who, in the early nineteenth century, exposed the horrendous conditions in prisons and demanded change? | The reformers John Howard and Elizabeth Fry in England and Charles Lucas in France.
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| What was the new goal of imprisonment? | to rehabilitate or transform the criminal.
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| What was the Auburn System? | the prisoners were separated by night but allowed to associate while working during the day.
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| What was the Philadelphia System? | the prisoners were kept rigorously separated from each other at all times.
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| What did the economists believe the government should do related to the economy? | The government should maintain a sound currency, enforce contracts, protect property, impose low tariffs and taxes, and leave the remainder of economic life to private initiative.
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| What did Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo suggest? | That nothing could improve the condition of the working class.
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| In 1834, what did all of the major German states, except Austria, form? | They formed the Zollverein, or free trading union.
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| What did Jeremy Bentham sought to do? | he sought to create codes of scientific law that were founded on the principles of utility(the greatest happiness for the greatest number).
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| In 1834 what did the House of Commons pass? | It passed a new poor law that established the Poor Law Commission that set out to make poverty the most undesirable of all social situations.
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| The Anti-Corn Law League, organized by manufactures, wanted to do what? | it wanted to abolish the tariffs protecting the domestic prices of grain, which would lead to lower food prices?
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