Ward- dev CN I & II
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| Neurulation | The ECTODERM of the trilaminar embryo folds via neural folds about the neural groove. This forms the Neural tube and the neural crest cells.
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| Structures from Neural Tube | it gives rise to entire CNS (spinal cord, brainstem, brain).
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| Structures from Neural Crest cells | Migrate all over body to become:
1.Melanocytes.
2.Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS).
3.Nerve satellite cells.
4.ALL GANGLIA (posterior root ganglia, parasymp ganglia, symp ganglia).
5.Bones and cartilages of face and neck.
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| Mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube becomes? | Meninges
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| Alar and Basal Plates | The multiplying nerve cells near the center of the neural tube as it thickens.
ALAR: posterior horn (sensory). BASAL: anterior horn (motor, sends axons to myotomes).
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| Origin of Macroglial cells | Ventricular zone of the neural tube.
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| Marginal zone of the neural tube forms? | White matter tracts (axons) in the spinal cord.
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| Development of the brain and brainstem begins with what 3 primary vesicles? | 1.Prosencephalon (Forebrain).
2.Mesencephalon (midbrain).
3.Rhombencephalon Hindbrain).
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| Cervical flexture | Found between the spinal cord and Rhombencephalon region during development.
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| Cephalic flexture | found between Rhombencephalon and mesencephalon regions during development.
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| 5 Secondary vesicles during CNS development | Prosencephalon divids into (Telencephlon and diencephalon), mesencephalon (stays the same), Rhombencephalon (divides into Metencephalon and myelencephalon)
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| After the formation of the 5 secondary vesicles from the primary 3 vesicles, where are the flextures | 1.cervical flexture (b/w spinal cord and myelencephalon).
2.Pontine flexture (b/w myelencephalon and metencephalon).
3.Cephalic flexture (in the middle of mesencephalon)
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| Adult derivative of the Telencephalon | WALLS: Cerebral hemispheres. CAVITIES: lateral ventricles (seperated by the septum pellucidum).
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| Adult derivative of the Diencephalon | WALLS: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland. CAVITIES: third ventricle
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| Adult derivative of the Mesencephalon | WALLS: Midbrain. CAVITIES: Aqueduct
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| Adult derivative of the Metecephalon | WALLS: Pons and Cerebellum. CAVITIES: 4th ventricle
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| Adult derivative of the Myelencephalon | WALLS: Medulla. CAVITIES: 4th ventricle
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| Which secondary vesicle grows the most | Telencephalon. Neurons of the cerebral cortex enlarge as they proliferate. Grows from the inside out.
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| Lobes formed from the Telencephalon | 1.Frontal.
2.Insular (gets overgrown by the frontal lobe).
3.Parietal.
4.Temporal.
5.Occipital.
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| Formation of CN I | extension of the frontal lobe forming the olfactory tract. From the superior nasal cavity: axons pass through the cribriform plate to synapse with neurons in the olfactory bulb.
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| retina of the eye is a direct extension of what? | Diencephalon which makes it part of the CNS.
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| formation of the lens | derived from an invagination of epidermal tissue as the retinal cups around the epidermal layer
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| Pathways of R and L optic N | Retina sends axons thru R and L optic N. they reach the optic chiasm where axons swap and head towards the thalamic nuclei. From the thalamus they move to the occipital lobe
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| Flow of CSF thru ventricles | Lateral > 3rd > cerebral aqueduct > 4th > subarachnoid spcae
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| Hydrocephalus | Stenosis of the Cerebral aqueduct (mesencephalon) will cause a back up of CSF in the 3rd and lateral ventricles.
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| Holoprosencephaly | Failure of cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles to seperate.
**Forms a semilobar or alobar cerebral cortex and will lead to facial development defects
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| Failure of the Cranial Neuropore to close on time | disrupts occipital bone formation and causes herniation
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| Neuropore defects: Posterior fontanelle of cranium | 1.Meningocele (protruding dura and subarachnoid space).
2.Meningohyrdocephalocele (protrusion of occipital lobe)
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| Neuropore defects: Foramen Magnum | 1.Meningoencephalocele (protrusion of cerebellum)
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