Male reproductive
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| gametes | = haploid cells produced for sexual reproduction; male= sperm, female= egg
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| gonads | = produce gametes; male= testis, female= ovary
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| SRY gene | testis determining factor; the indifferent gonad --> becomes testis and secretes TESTOSTERONE and MULLERIAN INHIBITING FACTOR (mullerian duct develops in males, absent in females)
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| mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) | stimulates degeneration of female (Mullerian) ducts --> becomes uterine tube & uterus
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| testosterone | stimulates development of male reproductive structures
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| homologous structures: genital tubercle | penis or clitoris
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| homologous structures: urogenital folds | ventral penis or labia minora
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| homologous structures: labioscrotal folds | scrotum or labia majora
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| gubernaculum | "pulls" gonads down (from thoracic region to pelvic cavity) --> testes pulled through INGUINAL CANAL: testes extended through SCROTUM; failure= sterility
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| puberty | Period of onset of GONADOTROPIN secretion (including FSH and LH) until first menstrual period (females; 12 yrs) or ejaculation of sperm (males; 13 yrs)
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| GnRH | from HYPOTHALAMUS; =gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulates FSH & LH
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| FSH & LH secreted from... | anterior pituitary
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| LH stimulates... | LH (in response to GnRH) → stimulates interstitial cells of testes → secrete testosterone
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| FSH stimulates... | SUSTENTACULAR CELLS --> secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) into lumen of seminiferous tubules
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| effects of testosterone on body | growth of the sex organs, body growth, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) --> development of the pubic, axillary, and facial hair and apocrine glands, rising rate of sperm production, stimulates BRAIN and awakens the LIBIDO (sex drive)
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| FSH & LH negative feedback | TESTOSTERONE (stimulates LH) = inhibits GnRH secretion by hypothalamus & GnRH sensitivity of pituitary; SUSTENTACULAR cells= secrete INHIBIN --> limits FSH production
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| spermatogenesis | =process of sperm production: from MEIOSIS to SPERMIOGENESIS, 1st location = yolk sac --> colonize gonads --> spermatogonia
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| meiosis | diploid cell 2n (23 PAIRS of chromosomes) --> 4 HAPLOID cells (23 unpaired chromosomes); # chromosome is halved, CROSSING OVER occurs
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| test question: spermatogenesis vs. spermiogenesis | spermatogenesis= production of sperm; spermiogenesis= process within spermatogenesis
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| formation of 4 spermatids (spermatogenesis process) | spermatogonia (2n diploid)= stem cells -->1 PRIMARY spermatocyte enter meiosis I --> 2 SECONDARY spermatocytes enter meiosis II --> 4 spermatids
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| spermiogenesis | = differentiation; spermatid becomes SPERMATOZOON (growth of flagellum, shedding of excess cytoplasm --> MATURE SPERM); occurs in SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, sandwiched in between SUSTENTACULAR CELLS --> blood-testis barrier
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| head of spermatozoon | ACROSOME (lysosome w/ enzymes to penetrate ovum; bursts open to get sperm to egg), NUCLEUS (form male PRONUCLEUS of zygote), BASAL BODY (centriole from which flagellum is formed)
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| semen | =sperm-containing fluid = mix of secretions from seminal vesicle, prostate, seminiferous tubules
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Created by:
kpan
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