Digestive
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stages of digestion | show 🗑
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ingestion | show 🗑
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digestion | show 🗑
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absorption | show 🗑
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compaction | show 🗑
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show | elimination of feces
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show | structures not part of digestive canal (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
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peritoneum | show 🗑
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show | serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
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mucosa | show 🗑
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submucosa | show 🗑
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muscularis externa | show 🗑
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serosa | show 🗑
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show | 1. myenteric plexus (PERISTALSIS, contractions of muscularis externa), 2. submucosal plexus (GLANDULAR secretions of mucosa, movements of muscularis mucosae)
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GI tract stimuli= | show 🗑
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show | long (VAGOVAGAL) reflexes, short (MYENTERIC) reflexes, hormones
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GI tract effects= | show 🗑
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saliva/ salivary gland functions | show 🗑
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show | dispersed oral mucosa, All live within MUCOSA,
Constantly secreting saliva
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show | three pair connected to oral cavity by ducts; -Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, Secrete primarily when eating
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show | secrete mucus, stimulated by sympathetic NS
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serous cells | show 🗑
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pharynx | show 🗑
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show | =swallowing
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show | muscular tube extending from pharynx --> stomach,
Contains only 3 layers (no serosa);
Responsible for PERISTALSIS
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show | movement of a bolus by successive wave of contraction starting at one place of mouth, moving down
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stomach | show 🗑
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pyloric sphincter | show 🗑
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show | HCl (very acidic stomach), intrinsic factor (for B12 absorption) --> pernicious anemia= deficiency
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why secrete HCl | show 🗑
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show | found throughout gastric glands, high turnover of cells
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gastric glands: types of cells | show 🗑
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enteroendocrine cells | show 🗑
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chief cells | show 🗑
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show | =vomiting; in response to: overstretching of the stomach or duodenum, chemical irritants (alcohol, bacterial toxins), visceral trauma, intense pain or psychological and sensory stimuli
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phases in regulation of gastric function | show 🗑
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show | Vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion even before food is swallowed; originates from head --> no food in stomach required, PREPARES stomach for food
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gastric phase | show 🗑
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show | Intestinal gastrin briefly stimulates the stomach, but then SECRETIN, CCK, and the ENTEROGASTRIC (inhibitory signal) reflex INHIBIT gastric secretion and motility while the duodenum processes the chyme.
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show | hepatocytes
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show | glucose, amino acids, iron, vitamins, and other nutrients for metabolism or storage
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hepatocytes degrade from blood... | show 🗑
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show | glucose, albumin, lipoproteins, clotting factors, angiotensinogen
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show | bile pigments, bile salts
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show | stores & concentrates BILE
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show | bilirubin (excretory product), bile salts (bile acids-
steroids synthesized from cholesterol), EMULSIFY FATS (dissolve fats in aqueous solutions w/ hydrophillic & hydrophobic side)
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gallstones | show 🗑
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show | proteases (trypsinogen, carboxypeptidase), amylase, lipase, ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease
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pancreatic juice rich in ________ | show 🗑
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pancreas: hormones regulating secretion | show 🗑
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acetylcholine | show 🗑
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CCK | show 🗑
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show | stimulate by high acidity (low pH), secreted from duodenum in response to ACIDIC CHYME arriving from stomach; stimulates BICARBONATE release
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show | Receives and MIXES chyme, pancreatic juice, and bile, Emulsify fats (via bile acids), neutralize acids, pancreatic enzymes take over job of chemical digestion
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jejunum | show 🗑
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show | last 60% of small intestine, thinner less muscular & vascular; lots of LYMPHATIC NODULES (=PEYER PATCHES), contains villi & microvilli; lacteal, absorption of LIPIDS
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VILLI | show 🗑
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microvilli | show 🗑
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peristalsis | show 🗑
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segmentation | show 🗑
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carb digestion: starch is digested to.... | show 🗑
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show | transmembrane transporters move monosaccarides across cells
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show | =enzymes that digest proteins; begin work in stomach @ pH 1.5- 3.5; pepsin digests 10-15% of dietary protein --> shorter peptides and some free amino acids; pancreatic & brush border enzymes reduce oligopeptides --> amino acids
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show | Na+ dependent amino acid cotransporters move amino acids into epithelial cells
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show | smaller droplets in which fat globules are broken up by lecithin & bile acids; lipids leave micelles --> diffuse into cells --> form chylomicrones secreted/ absorbed by lacteals
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show | does not chemically change the residue,
reabsorbs water and electrolytes
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feces made of.... | show 🗑
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bacterial flora | show 🗑
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defecation reflex | show 🗑
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Created by:
kpan
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