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Digestive

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
stages of digestion   show
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ingestion   show
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digestion   show
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absorption   show
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compaction   show
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show elimination of feces  
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show structures not part of digestive canal (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)  
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peritoneum   show
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show serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa  
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mucosa   show
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submucosa   show
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muscularis externa   show
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serosa   show
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show 1. myenteric plexus (PERISTALSIS, contractions of muscularis externa), 2. submucosal plexus (GLANDULAR secretions of mucosa, movements of muscularis mucosae)  
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GI tract stimuli=   show
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show long (VAGOVAGAL) reflexes, short (MYENTERIC) reflexes, hormones  
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GI tract effects=   show
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saliva/ salivary gland functions   show
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show dispersed oral mucosa, All live within MUCOSA, Constantly secreting saliva  
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show three pair connected to oral cavity by ducts; -Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, Secrete primarily when eating  
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show secrete mucus, stimulated by sympathetic NS  
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serous cells   show
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pharynx   show
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show =swallowing  
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show muscular tube extending from pharynx --> stomach, Contains only 3 layers (no serosa); Responsible for PERISTALSIS  
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show movement of a bolus by successive wave of contraction starting at one place of mouth, moving down  
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stomach   show
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pyloric sphincter   show
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show HCl (very acidic stomach), intrinsic factor (for B12 absorption) --> pernicious anemia= deficiency  
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why secrete HCl   show
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show found throughout gastric glands, high turnover of cells  
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gastric glands: types of cells   show
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enteroendocrine cells   show
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chief cells   show
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show =vomiting; in response to: overstretching of the stomach or duodenum, chemical irritants (alcohol, bacterial toxins), visceral trauma, intense pain or psychological and sensory stimuli  
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phases in regulation of gastric function   show
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show Vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion even before food is swallowed; originates from head --> no food in stomach required, PREPARES stomach for food  
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gastric phase   show
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show Intestinal gastrin briefly stimulates the stomach, but then SECRETIN, CCK, and the ENTEROGASTRIC (inhibitory signal) reflex INHIBIT gastric secretion and motility while the duodenum processes the chyme.  
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show hepatocytes  
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show glucose, amino acids, iron, vitamins, and other nutrients for metabolism or storage  
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hepatocytes degrade from blood...   show
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show glucose, albumin, lipoproteins, clotting factors, angiotensinogen  
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show bile pigments, bile salts  
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show stores & concentrates BILE  
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show bilirubin (excretory product), bile salts (bile acids- steroids synthesized from cholesterol), EMULSIFY FATS (dissolve fats in aqueous solutions w/ hydrophillic & hydrophobic side)  
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gallstones   show
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show proteases (trypsinogen, carboxypeptidase), amylase, lipase, ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease  
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pancreatic juice rich in ________   show
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pancreas: hormones regulating secretion   show
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acetylcholine   show
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CCK   show
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show stimulate by high acidity (low pH), secreted from duodenum in response to ACIDIC CHYME arriving from stomach; stimulates BICARBONATE release  
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show Receives and MIXES chyme, pancreatic juice, and bile, Emulsify fats (via bile acids), neutralize acids, pancreatic enzymes take over job of chemical digestion  
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jejunum   show
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show last 60% of small intestine, thinner less muscular & vascular; lots of LYMPHATIC NODULES (=PEYER PATCHES), contains villi & microvilli; lacteal, absorption of LIPIDS  
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VILLI   show
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microvilli   show
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peristalsis   show
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segmentation   show
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carb digestion: starch is digested to....   show
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show transmembrane transporters move monosaccarides across cells  
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show =enzymes that digest proteins; begin work in stomach @ pH 1.5- 3.5; pepsin digests 10-15% of dietary protein --> shorter peptides and some free amino acids; pancreatic & brush border enzymes reduce oligopeptides --> amino acids  
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show Na+ dependent amino acid cotransporters move amino acids into epithelial cells  
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show smaller droplets in which fat globules are broken up by lecithin & bile acids; lipids leave micelles --> diffuse into cells --> form chylomicrones secreted/ absorbed by lacteals  
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show does not chemically change the residue, reabsorbs water and electrolytes  
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feces made of....   show
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bacterial flora   show
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defecation reflex   show
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