Chapter one-introduction and organ systems
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| Anatomy | The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts--comes from the greek word meaning "cutting open"
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| Gross Anatomy | the study of large, easily observable structures without the aid of a microscope
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| microscopic anatomy | the study of very small structures with the aid of a microscope
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| surface anatomy | the study of general form and superficial markings
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| physiology | the study of the function of structures--the study of how the body and its parts work or function
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| pathological physiology | changes in function resulting from disease
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| excercise physiology | studies physiological adjustments to exercise
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| 11 systems of the body | integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, reproductive, lymphatic, respiratory
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| integumentary system | skin-forms the external covering of the body, protects deeper tissues, synthesizes vitamin D, location of nerve receptors
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| skeletal system | protects and supports body organs, provides muscle attachment for movement, stores minerals
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| muscular system | 760 muscles, allows locomotion, maintains posture, produces heat
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| nervous system | most complex system, fast acting control system, responds to internal and external short term changes, activates muscles and glands
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| endocrine system | sevretes regulatory hormones for growth reproduction and metabolism directly into the blood stream, slow moving system
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| cardiovascular system | transports materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart, transports oxygen carbon dioxide nutrients and wasts
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| digestive system | breaks down food, allows for nutrients to be absorbed into the blood stream, eliminates indigestible material
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| urinary system | eliminates nitrogenous waste, maintains acid-base balance, regulates materials such as water electrolytes and salts
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| reproductive system | production of offspring, embryology:the study of early developmental processes
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| lymphatic system | protects against infection, monitors the amount of blood in circulation
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| respiratory system | filters air, detects smell, conducts the passageway of aid, traps mucus, and site of gas exchange
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| pathology | study of disease
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| maintaining life | movement, locomotion, responsiceness, digestion
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| metabolism | chemical reactions that take place within the body that aid in the production of energy and maintain body structures
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| excretion | elimination of waste from metabolic reactions
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| reproduction | production of a future generation
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| growth | increasing of cell number and size
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| nutrients | provide the chemicals for energy and cell building
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| oxygen | required for chemical reactions
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| water | 60-80% of body weight is water
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| homestasis | maintenance of a stable internal environment or a dynamic state of equilibrium
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| homeostasis imbalance | a distrubance in homeostasis or disease
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| infection | colonization of pathological organisms
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| brain | recieves and analyzes information and determines the set point of a homeostatic disturbance
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| positive feedback | stops the original stimulus or reduces its intensity
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| negative feedback | increases the original stimulus to push the variable further, labor, blood clot
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| anatomical position | standing upright in the verical position, legs and feet parallel, arms hanging by sides, palms and face are firected forward, thumbs lateral
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| supine | lying face up with palms up
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| prone | lying face down with palms down
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| hypo | too little
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| hyper | too much
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| bilateral symmetry | equal right and left sides
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| parassagital symmetry | unequal left and right sides-not centered
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| cells | basic unit of structure and function in living things that may seve a specific function w/in organisms
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| tissues | made of cells that are similar in structure and function and work together to perform a specific activity
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| prgans | made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
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| organ system | groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism
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| organisms | entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes.
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