The Muscular System
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| What is a SPRAIN? | Ligament Injury
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| What is a MYALGIA? | MUSCLE PAIN OR TERNDERNESS
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| What is PARALYSIS? | PARTIAL OR TOTAL LOSS OF THE ABILITY OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLES TO MOVE
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| What is HYPERTROPHY? | Increase in muscle diameter and strength
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| What is ATROPHY? | DECREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE, MUSCLE WASTING
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| What is TONUS? | PATIAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
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| What is SPASM? | SUDDEN, SEVERE MUSCLE CONTRACTION
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| What is MUSCULAR DISTROPHY? | INHERITED DISORDER THAT CAUSES DETERIORATION OF MUSCLE FIBERS, MOST COMMON IN BOYS
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| What is ELECTROMYOGRAM? | Recording of electrical activity of a muscle
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| What is a STRAIN? | INJURY TO A TENDON OR MUSCLE
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| MUSCLES MAKE UP ALMOST ______ THE WEIGHT OF THE BODY. | HALF
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| The SIZE of your MUSCLES is influenced by what? | HOW MUCH YOU USE THEM
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| Individual elongated muscle cells can be _____ inches, or 30 ________ in length. | 12 inches ==== 30 centimeters
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| By the age of _______ the number and diameter of muscle fibers begin to decrease. | 40 years old
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| By the age of 80, what percentage of the muscle mass may be gone. | 50%
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| What is the general term MUSCLE MEAN? | CONTRACTILE TISSUE
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| Muscle cells are _________________ and resemble fibers such as in clothing | ELONGATED
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| What is MUSCLE TISSUES contructed of? | BUNDLES OF MUSCLE FIBERS
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| What is the 3 MAJOR TYPES OF MUSCELS? | SKELETAL - SMOOTH - CARDIAC
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| SKELETAL MUSCLES are VOLUNTARY or INVOLUNTARY? | VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
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| Fibers in the skeletal muscle appear to be STRIPED and are therefore called | STRIATED MUSCLE
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| Smooth Muscles are VOLUNTARY or INVOLUNTARY | INVOLUNTARY - This means that it is NOT under our CONSCIOUS CONTROL
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| Why is it called SMOOTH MUSCLE | Because it DOES NOT HAVE THE STRIPED APPEARANCE of skeletal muscles.
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| Because it is the MUSCLE OF ORGANS it is sometimes called the | VISCERAL MUSCLE
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| T/F = Smooth muscle allows for the internal movement of food (peristalsis). | TRUE
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| It also facilitates the movement of blood by changing the diameter of the blood vessels also called | vasocontriction and vasodilation
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| Smooth muscle also facilitates the movement of air by ..... | changing the diameter of the airways found in our lungs.
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| What is the 3rd Type of Muscle | CARDIAC MUSCLE
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| Does the CARDIAC MUSCLE have a STRIATED APPEARANCE? | YES
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| Where is the CARDIAC MUSCLE SOLELY FOUND? | IN THE HEART
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| The CARDIAC MUSCLE makes up the walls of the heart and causes it to do what? | CONTRACT
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| These contractions cause the ___________ movement (circulation) of blood within the body. | INTERNAL MOVEMENT
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| CARDIAC MUSCLE is like SMOOTH MUCSLE it is an | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
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| SKELETAL MUSCLE ARE ATTACHED TO _____ and provide ___________ for your body. | BONES - MOVEMENT
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| What do TENDONS DO? | They are FIBROUS TISSUE that usually attach SKELETAL MUSCLE TO BONES.
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| What do LIGAMENTS do? | THEY ATTACH BONE TO BONE
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| Muscle contraction is the ability of a muscle to | SHORTEN WITH FORCE
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| Smooth muscle is found in all the following except? | THE HEART = Airways,Digestive System,Blood Vessels
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| Which type of muscle is striated? | SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE
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| Strations are? | MUSCLE CELLS
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| Muscles that can attach to a bone or soft tissue witout a tendon is called _____ and are broad sheets of connective tissue. | aponeuroses (APP OH NEW ROH SES)
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| What is AGONIST/PRIMARY MOVERS? | THE MUSCLES THAT CONTRACTS WHILE ANOTHER MUSCLE RELAXES AT THE SAME TIME TO CAUSE MOVEMENT
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| What is the POINT OF ORIGIN? | The END of a MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO A STATIONARY BONE
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| WHAT IS THE POINT OF INSERTION? | THE END OF A MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE MOVING BONE, WITH THE MUSCLE ACTION MOVING THE INSERTION TOWARD THE ORIGIN.
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| WHAT IS SYNERGISTIC? | MUSCLES THAT CAN ASSIST IN MOVEMENT (EX Muscles in the hands and wrist)
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| What is the most important SKELETAL MUSCLE that contols our breathing? | DIAPHRAGM
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| This DOME SHAPED muscle seperates what 2 cavities? | ABDOMINAL and THORACIC
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| The diaphragm is responsible for what? | Performing the major work of bringing air into the lungs
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| Looking right and left at a stop sign is what correct body movement? | ROTATION - Circular movement that occurs around an axis
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| The first movement in curling a weight is called what? | FLEXION or ADDUCTION
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| Returning the weight from the curled position to your side is called what? | EXTENSION or ABDUCTION
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| The muscle that causes a movement is the? | AGONISTS OR PRIMARY MOVERS
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| The muscle attachment that does not move during muscle action is the ____________. | POINT OF ORIGIN
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| The thin myofilament needed for muscle contraction is called | ACTIN
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| The 2 ingredients needed for crossbridges to form and break are ______________ and ___________ | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and Calcium (Ca)
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| The fundamental unit of muscle contraction is the_____ | SARCOMERES
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| Sodium flowing into muscle fibers is triggered by the binding of _______________ released from neurons. | Acetylcholine (ACh)
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| During contraction _________ heads bind to ______________ myofilaments. | Myosin; actin
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| The __________ are the primary knee flexors. | HAMSTRINGS
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| The __________, knee extensors, originate on the __________ and insert on the __________. | Quadriceps; Pelvis; patella & tibia
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| The __________ originates on the sternum and clavical and inserts on the mastoid process. | STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
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| This muscle inserts via the ACHILLIS TENDON | GASTROCNEMIUS
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| The ______, an elbow flexor, is the antagonist of the ________an elbow extensor. | Biceps Brachii; Triceps Brachii
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| What is TONUS? | This is the PARTIAL CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE WITH RESISTANCE TO STRETCHING
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| What is HYPERTROPHY? | Refers to increased growth or development
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| What is ATROPHY? | When MUSCLES waste away from lack of use.
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| Where is VISERAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE FOUND? | In ALL Organs of the body EXCEPT THE HEART (Stomach, digestive system, uterus and in blood vessels, and bronchial airways
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| What is the difference between VASODILATE and VASOCONSTRICT? | Vasodilate = when blood vessels get larger Vasoconstrict = When blood vessels get smaller
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| What is INTERCALATED DISCS? | Structures that connect heart tissues cells to facilitate a smooth contraction
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| Dose CARDIAC MUSCLE regenerate after a SEVERE DAMAGE? | NO
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| What does MYALGIA MEAN | Pain or TENDERNESS in a muscle
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| What is FIBROMYALGIA? | One of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting women under age of 40. (Linked to chronic fatigue syndrome)
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| What is ATAXIA? | A condition in which the muscle are irregular in their actions or there is a lack of cordination
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| What is PARALYSIS? | Partial or TOTAL LOSS of the ability to move a muscle
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| What is a SPASM or CRAMPS | When a muscle contracts involuntarily suddenly and violently for a prolonged amount of time.
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| What is a SPRAIN? | A TEAR or BREAK in a ligament
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| What is a STRAIN? | They are TEARS or INJURY in the muscle and tendons
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| A common running related inflammatory condition of the extensor muscles and surroundings tissues are called | SHIN SPLINTS
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| When does a HERNIA OCCUR? | When there is a TEAR in the muscle wall and an organ of the body PROTRUDES through the OPENING
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| Tendinitis is a condition in which..... | TENDONS BECOME DAMAGED
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| What is MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY | An INHERITED MUSCULAR DISEASE in which muscle fibers DEGENERATE and the is a PROGRESSIVE muscular weakness.
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| Muscular Disorders can be diagnosed how? | By using a Electromyography (EMG) in which a muscle or group of muscles are stimulated with and electrical impulse.
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| What is a NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE | When a disease affects more than one system
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| What is MYASTHENIA GRAVIS? | Patient exhibits gradually increasing profound muscle weakness. The first symptom of this disease is drooping of 1 or both eyelids
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| What is GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME? | Disorder of the PERIPHERAL Nervous System that causes flaccid paralysis (limp muscles) and the loss of reflexes.
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| What is TETANUS? | Creates Rigid Paralysis - With this type of disease any minor stimulus can cause muscles to go into a major spasm.
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| A sudden or violent muscle contraction is called a what | SPASM or CRAMP
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| Partial or Total Loss of voluntary muscle use is called? | Paralysis
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| A tear in the muscle wall through which an organ can protrude is an | HERNIA
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| The body stores a carbohydrate called _________ in the muscle; it can be converted to a usable energy. | GLYCOGEN
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| __________ means pain or tenderness in the muscle | MYALGIA
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| Elbow flexion is the action of the ____ muscle. | Biceps Brachii
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