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Chapter Seven Muscul
The Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a SPRAIN? | Ligament Injury |
| What is a MYALGIA? | MUSCLE PAIN OR TERNDERNESS |
| What is PARALYSIS? | PARTIAL OR TOTAL LOSS OF THE ABILITY OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLES TO MOVE |
| What is HYPERTROPHY? | Increase in muscle diameter and strength |
| What is ATROPHY? | DECREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE, MUSCLE WASTING |
| What is TONUS? | PATIAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION |
| What is SPASM? | SUDDEN, SEVERE MUSCLE CONTRACTION |
| What is MUSCULAR DISTROPHY? | INHERITED DISORDER THAT CAUSES DETERIORATION OF MUSCLE FIBERS, MOST COMMON IN BOYS |
| What is ELECTROMYOGRAM? | Recording of electrical activity of a muscle |
| What is a STRAIN? | INJURY TO A TENDON OR MUSCLE |
| MUSCLES MAKE UP ALMOST ______ THE WEIGHT OF THE BODY. | HALF |
| The SIZE of your MUSCLES is influenced by what? | HOW MUCH YOU USE THEM |
| Individual elongated muscle cells can be _____ inches, or 30 ________ in length. | 12 inches ==== 30 centimeters |
| By the age of _______ the number and diameter of muscle fibers begin to decrease. | 40 years old |
| By the age of 80, what percentage of the muscle mass may be gone. | 50% |
| What is the general term MUSCLE MEAN? | CONTRACTILE TISSUE |
| Muscle cells are _________________ and resemble fibers such as in clothing | ELONGATED |
| What is MUSCLE TISSUES contructed of? | BUNDLES OF MUSCLE FIBERS |
| What is the 3 MAJOR TYPES OF MUSCELS? | SKELETAL - SMOOTH - CARDIAC |
| SKELETAL MUSCLES are VOLUNTARY or INVOLUNTARY? | VOLUNTARY MUSCLES |
| Fibers in the skeletal muscle appear to be STRIPED and are therefore called | STRIATED MUSCLE |
| Smooth Muscles are VOLUNTARY or INVOLUNTARY | INVOLUNTARY - This means that it is NOT under our CONSCIOUS CONTROL |
| Why is it called SMOOTH MUSCLE | Because it DOES NOT HAVE THE STRIPED APPEARANCE of skeletal muscles. |
| Because it is the MUSCLE OF ORGANS it is sometimes called the | VISCERAL MUSCLE |
| T/F = Smooth muscle allows for the internal movement of food (peristalsis). | TRUE |
| It also facilitates the movement of blood by changing the diameter of the blood vessels also called | vasocontriction and vasodilation |
| Smooth muscle also facilitates the movement of air by ..... | changing the diameter of the airways found in our lungs. |
| What is the 3rd Type of Muscle | CARDIAC MUSCLE |
| Does the CARDIAC MUSCLE have a STRIATED APPEARANCE? | YES |
| Where is the CARDIAC MUSCLE SOLELY FOUND? | IN THE HEART |
| The CARDIAC MUSCLE makes up the walls of the heart and causes it to do what? | CONTRACT |
| These contractions cause the ___________ movement (circulation) of blood within the body. | INTERNAL MOVEMENT |
| CARDIAC MUSCLE is like SMOOTH MUCSLE it is an | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE |
| SKELETAL MUSCLE ARE ATTACHED TO _____ and provide ___________ for your body. | BONES - MOVEMENT |
| What do TENDONS DO? | They are FIBROUS TISSUE that usually attach SKELETAL MUSCLE TO BONES. |
| What do LIGAMENTS do? | THEY ATTACH BONE TO BONE |
| Muscle contraction is the ability of a muscle to | SHORTEN WITH FORCE |
| Smooth muscle is found in all the following except? | THE HEART = Airways,Digestive System,Blood Vessels |
| Which type of muscle is striated? | SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE |
| Strations are? | MUSCLE CELLS |
| Muscles that can attach to a bone or soft tissue witout a tendon is called _____ and are broad sheets of connective tissue. | aponeuroses (APP OH NEW ROH SES) |
| What is AGONIST/PRIMARY MOVERS? | THE MUSCLES THAT CONTRACTS WHILE ANOTHER MUSCLE RELAXES AT THE SAME TIME TO CAUSE MOVEMENT |
| What is the POINT OF ORIGIN? | The END of a MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO A STATIONARY BONE |
| WHAT IS THE POINT OF INSERTION? | THE END OF A MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE MOVING BONE, WITH THE MUSCLE ACTION MOVING THE INSERTION TOWARD THE ORIGIN. |
| WHAT IS SYNERGISTIC? | MUSCLES THAT CAN ASSIST IN MOVEMENT (EX Muscles in the hands and wrist) |
| What is the most important SKELETAL MUSCLE that contols our breathing? | DIAPHRAGM |
| This DOME SHAPED muscle seperates what 2 cavities? | ABDOMINAL and THORACIC |
| The diaphragm is responsible for what? | Performing the major work of bringing air into the lungs |
| Looking right and left at a stop sign is what correct body movement? | ROTATION - Circular movement that occurs around an axis |
| The first movement in curling a weight is called what? | FLEXION or ADDUCTION |
| Returning the weight from the curled position to your side is called what? | EXTENSION or ABDUCTION |
| The muscle that causes a movement is the? | AGONISTS OR PRIMARY MOVERS |
| The muscle attachment that does not move during muscle action is the ____________. | POINT OF ORIGIN |
| The thin myofilament needed for muscle contraction is called | ACTIN |
| The 2 ingredients needed for crossbridges to form and break are ______________ and ___________ | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and Calcium (Ca) |
| The fundamental unit of muscle contraction is the_____ | SARCOMERES |
| Sodium flowing into muscle fibers is triggered by the binding of _______________ released from neurons. | Acetylcholine (ACh) |
| During contraction _________ heads bind to ______________ myofilaments. | Myosin; actin |
| The __________ are the primary knee flexors. | HAMSTRINGS |
| The __________, knee extensors, originate on the __________ and insert on the __________. | Quadriceps; Pelvis; patella & tibia |
| The __________ originates on the sternum and clavical and inserts on the mastoid process. | STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID |
| This muscle inserts via the ACHILLIS TENDON | GASTROCNEMIUS |
| The ______, an elbow flexor, is the antagonist of the ________an elbow extensor. | Biceps Brachii; Triceps Brachii |
| What is TONUS? | This is the PARTIAL CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE WITH RESISTANCE TO STRETCHING |
| What is HYPERTROPHY? | Refers to increased growth or development |
| What is ATROPHY? | When MUSCLES waste away from lack of use. |
| Where is VISERAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE FOUND? | In ALL Organs of the body EXCEPT THE HEART (Stomach, digestive system, uterus and in blood vessels, and bronchial airways |
| What is the difference between VASODILATE and VASOCONSTRICT? | Vasodilate = when blood vessels get larger Vasoconstrict = When blood vessels get smaller |
| What is INTERCALATED DISCS? | Structures that connect heart tissues cells to facilitate a smooth contraction |
| Dose CARDIAC MUSCLE regenerate after a SEVERE DAMAGE? | NO |
| What does MYALGIA MEAN | Pain or TENDERNESS in a muscle |
| What is FIBROMYALGIA? | One of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting women under age of 40. (Linked to chronic fatigue syndrome) |
| What is ATAXIA? | A condition in which the muscle are irregular in their actions or there is a lack of cordination |
| What is PARALYSIS? | Partial or TOTAL LOSS of the ability to move a muscle |
| What is a SPASM or CRAMPS | When a muscle contracts involuntarily suddenly and violently for a prolonged amount of time. |
| What is a SPRAIN? | A TEAR or BREAK in a ligament |
| What is a STRAIN? | They are TEARS or INJURY in the muscle and tendons |
| A common running related inflammatory condition of the extensor muscles and surroundings tissues are called | SHIN SPLINTS |
| When does a HERNIA OCCUR? | When there is a TEAR in the muscle wall and an organ of the body PROTRUDES through the OPENING |
| Tendinitis is a condition in which..... | TENDONS BECOME DAMAGED |
| What is MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY | An INHERITED MUSCULAR DISEASE in which muscle fibers DEGENERATE and the is a PROGRESSIVE muscular weakness. |
| Muscular Disorders can be diagnosed how? | By using a Electromyography (EMG) in which a muscle or group of muscles are stimulated with and electrical impulse. |
| What is a NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE | When a disease affects more than one system |
| What is MYASTHENIA GRAVIS? | Patient exhibits gradually increasing profound muscle weakness. The first symptom of this disease is drooping of 1 or both eyelids |
| What is GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME? | Disorder of the PERIPHERAL Nervous System that causes flaccid paralysis (limp muscles) and the loss of reflexes. |
| What is TETANUS? | Creates Rigid Paralysis - With this type of disease any minor stimulus can cause muscles to go into a major spasm. |
| A sudden or violent muscle contraction is called a what | SPASM or CRAMP |
| Partial or Total Loss of voluntary muscle use is called? | Paralysis |
| A tear in the muscle wall through which an organ can protrude is an | HERNIA |
| The body stores a carbohydrate called _________ in the muscle; it can be converted to a usable energy. | GLYCOGEN |
| __________ means pain or tenderness in the muscle | MYALGIA |
| Elbow flexion is the action of the ____ muscle. | Biceps Brachii |
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