Unit 10- Neurons; Veselovsky
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| Define CNS | Central Nervous System; consists of the brain and spinal cord; receives, interprets, and responds to data.
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| Define PNS | Peripheral Nervous System; connects the central nervous system to the body.
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| Somatic Region | The outer portion of the PNS; skin, skeleton, and skeletal muscles.
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| Visceral Region | The inner portion of the PNS; internal organs, glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
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| Receptors | Detect internal or external stimuli
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| Exteroceptors | attached to the somatic PNS; receive stimuli from the external environment (eyes, ears...)
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| Proprioceptors | somatic PNS; receive stimuli from within the somatic region (muscle spindles, tendon organs...)
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| Interoceptors or visceroceptors | attached to the visceral PNS; receive stimuli from within the visceral region (carotid bodies and aortic bodies)
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| Effectors | produce the body's responses
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| Glial cells or neuroglia | form the nervous system's stroma (connective tissue). Supports and protects the system's neurons.
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| Ependymal Cells | line the chambers and cavities of the CNS that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Assist with its circulation.
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| Oligodendrocytes | in the CNS white matter. Produce myelin sheath for the white matter neurons
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| Microglia | Phygocytic cells in CNS. Protect from debris, waste, and pathogens.
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| Astrocytes | CNS choroid plexuses. Aid capillaries in creating the blood-brain barrier.
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| Neurolemmocytes (Schwann Cells) | responsible for myelinating neurons in the PNS.
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| Sensory (afferent neurons) | Transmit nerve impulse to the CNS
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| General Senses | not unique
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| Special Senses | unique (sight, smell, taste, balance, hearing)
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| Association Neurons (interneurons) | In CNS forming a bridge between the body's sensory and motor neurons.
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| Motor (efferent neurons) | transmit nerve impulses away from CNS.
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| Chromatphilic Substance (Nissl Bodies) | a neuron's rough ER and produce proteins called neurofibrils.
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| Fibers | the processes whih projoct from a perikaryon's (cell body) surface.
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| Dendrites | fibers that transmit electrical impulses toward the cells perikaryon
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| Axon | fibers that transmit electrical impulses away from the perikaryon. The branches are called telodendria and contain the cell's synaptic vesicles.
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| Unipolar neurons | possess only one fiber. most sensory neurons.
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| Bipolar Neurons | possess two fibers; one dendrite and one axon.
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| Mulitpolar Neurons | possess many fibers; forms most of the nervous system
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| Myelin Sheath | extension of glial cells' neurolemma
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