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A&P 241 Neurons
Unit 10- Neurons; Veselovsky
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define CNS | Central Nervous System; consists of the brain and spinal cord; receives, interprets, and responds to data. |
| Define PNS | Peripheral Nervous System; connects the central nervous system to the body. |
| Somatic Region | The outer portion of the PNS; skin, skeleton, and skeletal muscles. |
| Visceral Region | The inner portion of the PNS; internal organs, glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. |
| Receptors | Detect internal or external stimuli |
| Exteroceptors | attached to the somatic PNS; receive stimuli from the external environment (eyes, ears...) |
| Proprioceptors | somatic PNS; receive stimuli from within the somatic region (muscle spindles, tendon organs...) |
| Interoceptors or visceroceptors | attached to the visceral PNS; receive stimuli from within the visceral region (carotid bodies and aortic bodies) |
| Effectors | produce the body's responses |
| Glial cells or neuroglia | form the nervous system's stroma (connective tissue). Supports and protects the system's neurons. |
| Ependymal Cells | line the chambers and cavities of the CNS that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Assist with its circulation. |
| Oligodendrocytes | in the CNS white matter. Produce myelin sheath for the white matter neurons |
| Microglia | Phygocytic cells in CNS. Protect from debris, waste, and pathogens. |
| Astrocytes | CNS choroid plexuses. Aid capillaries in creating the blood-brain barrier. |
| Neurolemmocytes (Schwann Cells) | responsible for myelinating neurons in the PNS. |
| Sensory (afferent neurons) | Transmit nerve impulse to the CNS |
| General Senses | not unique |
| Special Senses | unique (sight, smell, taste, balance, hearing) |
| Association Neurons (interneurons) | In CNS forming a bridge between the body's sensory and motor neurons. |
| Motor (efferent neurons) | transmit nerve impulses away from CNS. |
| Chromatphilic Substance (Nissl Bodies) | a neuron's rough ER and produce proteins called neurofibrils. |
| Fibers | the processes whih projoct from a perikaryon's (cell body) surface. |
| Dendrites | fibers that transmit electrical impulses toward the cells perikaryon |
| Axon | fibers that transmit electrical impulses away from the perikaryon. The branches are called telodendria and contain the cell's synaptic vesicles. |
| Unipolar neurons | possess only one fiber. most sensory neurons. |
| Bipolar Neurons | possess two fibers; one dendrite and one axon. |
| Mulitpolar Neurons | possess many fibers; forms most of the nervous system |
| Myelin Sheath | extension of glial cells' neurolemma |
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briannamurr
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