SKELETAL SYSTEM
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| The medical condition called ____________ is a degenerative disorder characterized by a decrease in bone density | OSTEOPOROSIS
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| Inflammation of the joint is called | ARTHRITIS
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| What is OSSIFICATION | Bone Formation
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| What is OSTEON | Fundamental unit of compact bone, cylinder of osteacytes surrounded by central canal
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| What is ARTICULATION? | Where BONES MEET JOINTS
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| What is LIGAMENT? | CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT HOLDS BONES TOGETHER
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| WHAT IS A TENDON? | Connective TISSUE THAT HOLDS MUSCLE TO BONE
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| What is REDUCTION? | Brining the ends of a fractured bone into alignment
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| What is a COMPOUND FRACTURE? | Broken bones that protrudes through the skin
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| What is a COMMINUTED FRACTURE? | Broken bone in which the bone is CRUSHED INTO FRAGMENTS or SPLINTERS
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| When a FRACTURE BREAKS THE SKIN it is called a? | COMPOUND FRACTURE
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| What is the 1st STEP IN BONE REPAIR? | Hematoma formation and Inflammation
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| According to the TEXTBOOK what DECREASES BONE MASS? | CAFFEINE; COFFEE OR COLA = TOBACCO; CIGARETTES SMOKING
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| Before a bone can heal, it must be ____ to make sure the ends of the bone are touching | REDUCED
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| What is the FUNCTION OF OSTEOBLASTS | Build NEW BONES; secrects bone matrix
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| Where are OSTEOPROJENITOR CELLS found? | PERIOSTEUM
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| What is the PRIMARY COMPONENT of the SKELETON? | BONE
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| The PHALANGES and ULNA ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPE OF BONE? | LONG SHAPED
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| The MANDIBLE and CERVICAL VERTEBRAE are examples of what type of bone? | IRREGULAR SHAPED
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| The expanded ends of long bones are called? | EPIPHYSES
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| Most fibrous joints are .... | SLIGHTLY MOVABLE
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| What SUBSTANCE is housed in SPONGY BONE yet is ABSENT IN the MEDULLARY CAVITY | RED BONE MARROW
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| WHAT TYPE OF BONY TISSUE MAKES UP THE ADULT DIAPHYSIS? | COMPACT BONE
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| MATURE BONE CELLS ARE CLINCALLY CALLED: | OSTEOCYTES
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| MATURE BONE CELLS ARE HOUSED IN TINY HOLES? | LACUNAE
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| NODDING THE HEAD IN AN AGGRESSIVE GESTURE OF "YES" IS EMPLOYING: | FLEXION/EXTENSION
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| What is PERIOSTEUM? | Tough fibrous connective tissure that covers bones.
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| What is the ANCHOR POINT FOR LIGAMENTS? | PERIOSTEUM
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| What is the EPIPHYSIS? | Is the EXPANDED END OF THE LONG BONE
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| What are the 4 functions of the skeleton | Frame Work, Produce blood cells, Protects Organs, the warehouse for mineral storage
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| Long bones are | Longer than they are wide
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| Short bones are | equal in width and legnth
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| Flat bones are | Thin; Flat or curved
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| Irregular bones are | Oddly shaped
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| What is the region that runs between the 2 epiphyses | DIAPHYSIS
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| Osteons | (Haversian Systme)`
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| What does OSTEOCLASTS DO> | Tear down bone; move calcium and phosphate into the blood
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| After you ar born does the epiphysis on your LONG BONES contiune to grow? | Yes
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| Bone repair is accomblished by the same process as bone growth | Endochondrial Ossification
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| Stage 1 of Bone Repair is | where the hematoma formation begins in inflammation
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| Stage 2 is | SOFT (fibrocartilage) callus formation, cartilage fills in the space
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| What is CARTILAGE | A FORM OF DENSET CONNECTIVE TISSURE
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| How does CARTIALGE ACT as a SHOCK ABSORBER | It prevents the ends from grinding to gether
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| Joints are also known as | articulation
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| Ligaments are very | tough
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| Tendons are | cord like structures that attach muscle to bone
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| Joints are classified by thier | function and structure
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| Fibrous joints are held together by | short connective tissue strands
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| Cartilaginous – | held together by cartilage
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| Gliding joints – | flat or slightly curved, platelike bones found in your wrists and ankles; slide back and forth
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| Hinge joints | one bone is in the shape of a cylinder and the other a trough; found in your knees and elbows; open and close
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| Saddle joints – | one bone shaped just like a saddle and another bone similar to a horse’s back, in the base of your thumb; rock up and down and side to side
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| Ellipsoidal joints (also called condyloid joints) – | two axes of movement through the same bone; knuckles of your fingers are ellipsoidal joints
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| Pivot joints – | rotate; circular portion of one bone that spins inside a ring-shaped portion of the other; neck and forearm
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| Ball-and-socket joint – | all types of movement, including rotation; spherical articulation with a cup-shaped socket; hips and shoulders and can perform
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| Flexion – | Bending a joint and decreasing the angle between involved bones
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| Extension – | Straightening a joint
Plantar flexion – Pointing toes down
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| Dorsiflexion – | Bending the foot up toward the body
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| Abduction – | Moving away from the body’s midline
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| Adduction – | Moving toward the midline of the body
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| Inversion – | Turning the foot inward toward other foot
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| Eversion – | Turning foot outward away from opposing foot
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| Supination – | Turning hand palm up
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| Pronation – | Turning hand palm down
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| Protraction – | Drawing a part forward
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| Retraction – | Drawing backward
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| Circumduction – | Circular arm movement of a pitcher
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| Rotation – | Spinning on axis
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| Axial skeleton – | Bones of the bony thorax, spinal column, hyoid bone, bones of the middle ear, and skull; they protect the body organs and total 80
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| Appendicular skeleton – | Bones of your arms, legs, hips, and shoulders and total 126 bones
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| The sternum | Manubrium – superior portion
Body – central portion
Xiphoid – inferior portion
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| True ribs – | pairs 1 to 7; vertebrosternal – connect anteriorly to the sternum and posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae
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| False ribs – | pairs 8 to 10; vertebrocostal – connect to cartilage of the superior rib and to the thoracic vertebrae
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| Floating – | pairs 11 and 12 no anterior attachment
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| Protects the spinal cord, | the superhighway for information traveling to and from the central nervous system
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| Cartilage | The chemical composition changes – more brittle and yellow due to calcification.
Can lead to arthritis
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| Osteoporosis – | weaker lighter bone more prone to breakage. More common in women than men.
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| Prevention – | calcium and vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise, quit smoking, limit caffeine
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| Hairline fracture – | a fine fracture that doesn’t completely break or displace the bone
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| Simple or closed fracture – | break with minimal displacement and no tear in the skin
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| Greenstick fracture – | incomplete break; often found in children
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| Spiral fracture – | twisting motion to the bone
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| Comminuted fracture – | bone fragments or splinters
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| Compound or open fracture – | bone protrudes through the skin, with the potential of infection from exposure
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| The 206 bones of the skeleton can be classified according to their | SHAPE
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| epiphysis, and the shaft is called the | diaphysis
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| The hollow region within the diaphysis | is called the medullary cavity and stores yellow marrow.
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