Mod 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| all of the small molecules that cells have to use as needed | nutrient pool
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| substances that accelerate chemical reactions, usually a protein | enzymes
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| Enzymes ________ anabolic & catabolic reactions necessary for a healthy metabolism. | facilitate
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| A controllable source of energy used for cellular functions. | chemical energy
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| ATP used in anabolic reactions which build complex molecules is supplied via catabolic reactions in which ______ moles are broken down into simpler components & ATP is released. | food
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| formula for the breakdown of ATP to provide cellular energy | ATP -> ADP + P + energy
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| formula for the formation of ATP | ADP + P + energy -> ATP
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| The _______ of anabolism & catabolism occurs via ATP. | coupling
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| most important carbohydrate in cellular metabolism | glucose
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| preferred energy source for cellular metabolism | ATP
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| Cells obtain glucose by: 1) catabolism by glycolysis and 2) _________ | Kreb's cycle
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| C6H12O6 | a single mole of glucose
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| cells utilize glucose by transanimation, lipogenesis, lactation, glyco______ & gluconeogenesis | genesis
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| Process in which glucose to glycogen which is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle. | glycogenesis
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| When the liver is "full" of glycogen, excess glucose is converted to triglycerides & stored in | adipose tissue
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| Process in which glycogen is broken down to form glucose. | glycogenolysis
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| Process in which amino acids and glycerol combine to form glucose. | gluconeogenesis
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| Three types of lipids are cholesterol, phopholipid and ____________. | triglyceride
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| A triglyceride molecule is made up of 3 long chain fatty acids and a | glycerol
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| A lipoprotein is a complex of 4 components: proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides & | phospholipids
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| A lipid isn't water soluble; to make it transportable it's combined with a protein to make a | lipoprotein
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| Triglycerides are _________ by many cells to form ATP. (gluconeogenesis) | catabolized
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| A component of triglycerides, fatty acid phospholipids form cell __________. | membranes
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| A component of triglycerides, fatty acids are used to _______ other moles, i.e. paracrines, clotting factors, inflammatory mediators, etc. | synthesize
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| Cholesterol is used in the synthesis of steroid hormones & _______ ________. | bile salts
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| Cholesterol is a component of ___________. | cell membranes
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| Phospholipids are the _______ ______ of cell membranes, especially myelin sheaths. | building blocks
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| The brain can only use glucose as an energy ________. | source
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| Glucose: immediate energy, Triglycerides: _______ | energy storage
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| Triglycerides catalyzed by lipases to the components glycerol & fatty acids used to form ATP. | lipolysis
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| Stimulated by insulin, liver cells synthesize lipids from glucose on amino acids. | lipogenesis
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| Glycogen is the by product of broken down carbohydrates while glycerol is the by product of broken down fats. ______ be converted to glucose from these states. | Both
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| Fatty acid catabolism, which removes 2 carbon atoms to form acetyl CoA; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. | beta oxidation
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| The preferential use of glucose and triglycerides for cellular energy. | protein sparing
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| As fats are broken down, acids called ketones build up in the blood and urine. In high levels, ketones are poisonous. This condition is called | ketoacidosis
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| During high rates of fatty acid catabolism, the intermediate compound _______ is formed. | ketone
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| To remove an the amino group (NH2) from an amino acid which is then turned into ammonia. | deamination
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| Liver cells produce ammonia (NH3) as a result of deamination which is turned into urea & excreted in the _______ system. | urinary
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| Excess dietary protein is converted to _________ & stored in adipose tissue. | triglycerides
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| The transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to pyruvic acid or to an acid in the Kreb's cycle. | transanimation
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| In what cell organelle does protein synthesis occur? | ribosomes
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| What molecules contain the "code" for protein synthesis? | DNA & RNA
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| What is the process called in which the DNA & RNA code is read? | translation
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| The key hormone in the absorptive state. | insulin
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| The key hormone in the post-absorptive state. | glucagon
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| Lipogenesis, uptake of glucose, & glycogenesis all happen in the _________ state. | absorptive
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| Glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis occur during the ___________ state. | post-absorptive
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| Glucagon is used to _______ the blood glucose. | raise
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| Insulin is used to ________ the blood glucose. | lower
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| _________ islets act as endergonic cells to produce insulin & glucagon. | Pancreatic
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| ______ cells in the pancreas produce insulin. | beta
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| ______ cells in the pancreas produce glucagon. | alpha
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| Insulin accelerates facilitated ________ of glucose into cells. | diffusion
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| epinephrine, _______, & growth hormone raise glucose levels in the blood | cortisol
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| Body heat is produced as the ____-_______ of metabolic reactions | by-product
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| The measurement of metabolic rate under basal conditions such as quiet resting & fasting. | basal metabolic rate
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| Elevation of core temperature caused by the resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat. | fever
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| Two skin responses to heat: sweat & | vasodilation
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| Two physiological responses to cold: shiver and | vasoconstriction
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| The thermoreceptors for body temperature regulation are located in the preoptic area in the ____________ & in the skin. | hypothalamus
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