Bio201 - Ch 6 - Bones & Skeletal Orientation - Rio Salado - Marieb/Hoehn
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| show | Made of cartilage tissue - mostly of water.
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| Cartilage consists primarily of __. | show 🗑
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| __ tissue contains no nerves or blood vessels. | show 🗑
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| __ surrounds cartilage - dense irregular CT. | show 🗑
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| Perichondrium | show 🗑
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| show | Perichondrium
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| show | Chondrocytes encased in lacuna w/in jellylike ground substance & fibers.
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| show | Appositional growth & interstitial growth.
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| Appositional Growth | show 🗑
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| Interstitial Growth | show 🗑
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| Calcified cartilage is not __. | show 🗑
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| show | 206
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| show | Protecting, supporting, or carrying other parts.
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| Role of appendicular skeleton is __? | show 🗑
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| Bones are classified by shape as __? | show 🗑
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| show | Longer than their width, a shaft & 2 ends - all limb bones.
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| Which limb bones aren't long bones? | show 🗑
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| show | Cube shaped - wrist & ankle
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| show | Short bone that forms in tendons - patella
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| show | Thin, flattened & unusually curved - breast bone, scapulae, ribs & skull bones.
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| show | Complicated shapes - vertebrae & hip bones.
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| show | Support, protection, movement, mineral & growth factor storage, blood cell formation.
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| Rib cage supports __. | show 🗑
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| Bone is a reservoir for which minerals? | show 🗑
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| show | Insulin-like growth factors, transforming, bone morphogenic proteins, etc.
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| Hematopoiesis occurs where? | show 🗑
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| show | They are composed of several tissues: osseous, nervous, cartilage, CT, etc.
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| show | External surfaces w/depressions & openings - indicate stresses created by attachments.
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| show | Cancellous bone.
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| The flat pieces in spongy bone are __. | show 🗑
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| Diaphysis | show 🗑
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| show | Diaphysis.
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| Medullary cavity | show 🗑
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| show | Medullary cavity
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| show | A thin layer of articular (hyaline) cartilage.
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| Epiphyseal line | show 🗑
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| show | Disc of hyaline cartilage - grows during childhood to lengthen bone.
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| Periosteum | show 🗑
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| 2 layers of periosteum are? | show 🗑
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| Outer layer of periosteum is made of? | show 🗑
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| Nutrient Foramen | show 🗑
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| show | Secures periosteum to bone w/tufts of collagen fibers into bone matrix.
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| Where are perforating fibers exceptionally dense? | show 🗑
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| show | Endosteum
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| show | Covers trabeculae of spongy bone & lines canals.
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| Endosteum contains which 2 cells? | show 🗑
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| Common design of short, irregular & flat bones? | show 🗑
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| show | Shaft & epiphyses.
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| Which bones contain marrow but no significant marrow cavity? | show 🗑
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| In flat bones, spongy bone is called __? | show 🗑
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| Dipole | show 🗑
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| show | Hematopoietic Tissue
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| show | In trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long & dipole of flat bones.
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| Red marrow cavities | show 🗑
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| Where is red marrow in infants? | show 🗑
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| show | Yellow marrow.
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| show | Heads of femur & humerus.
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| 4 Major cellt ypes populating bone are? | show 🗑
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| Osteogenic cells | show 🗑
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| show | Osteon/Haversian System
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| Osteon | show 🗑
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| show | Matrix tubes
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| show | Lamellar bone
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| show | Collagen fibers.
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| show | Opposite.
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| show | "Twister resister"
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| __ align w/collagen fibers in osteon. | show 🗑
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| Running through the core of each osteon is __. | show 🗑
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| show | Canals that lie at right angles to long axis of bone - blood & nerve supply from periosteum to central canal.
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| show | Endosteum
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| Where are lacunae found? | show 🗑
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| show | Canaliculi
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| What structures allow bone cells to be well nurished? | show 🗑
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| show | Sensors - for stresses or strains.
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| show | Incomplete lamellae - remnants of osteons that have been cut by bone remodeling.
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| show | Just deep to periosteum & superficial to endosteum - resists twisting of long bones.
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| Trabeculae contain: | show 🗑
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| show | Osteons.
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| show | Cells & osteoid - collagen fibers & ground substance.
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| show | 1/3 of bone matrix - ground substance & fibers.
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| show | Sacrificial bonds that break easily on impact.
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| show | Between collagen molecules - break & disappate energy to prevent big fracture.
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| Inorganic bone components | show 🗑
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| Harness of bone that allows it to resist compression comes from __. | show 🗑
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| show | 1/2
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| Bone is __ as steel in resisting tension. | show 🗑
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| show | Bone formation
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| Ossification in adults serves mainly for __. | show 🗑
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| Before week __ embryo skeleton constructed of fibrous membranes & hyaline cartilage. | show 🗑
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| Intramembranous Ossification | show 🗑
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| Membrane bone | show 🗑
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| show | Bone development by replacing hyaline cartilage.
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| Enchondral Bone | show 🗑
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| __ results in formation of cranial bone. | show 🗑
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| show | Flat bones.
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| show | Mesenchymal cells.
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| show | (1) Ossification cntr, (2) Bone matrix secreted, (3) Woven bone & periosteum form, (4) Bone collar & marrow appears.
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| show | Endochondral.
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| show | In the 2nd month.
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| show | Center of the hyaline cartilage shaft.
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| show | (1) Bone collar around h-cartilage, (2) cavitation, (3) peristeal bud, (4) medullary cavity forms/2nd center in epiphyses, (5) Ossification of epiphyses.
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| show | Enlarge
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| What month does periosteal bud form? | show 🗑
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| show | Nutrient artery & vein, lymphatics, nerve fibers, red marrow elements, bone cells.
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| Ossification __ cartilage formation along the length of the shaft. | show 🗑
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| Short bones have __ ossification center. | show 🗑
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| Long bones have __ ossification centers. | show 🗑
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| show | Spongy bone in the interior is retained & no medullary cavity forms in epiphyses.
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| Long bones lengthen by __ growth during infancy & youth. | show 🗑
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| show | Nose & lower jaw.
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| show | Bone of epiphysis & diaphysis fuses - Epiphyseal plate closure.
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| show | Appositional growth.
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| show | Growth Hormone.
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| __ hormones modulate the activity of growth hormone. | show 🗑
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| Every week we recycle __ of our bone mass. | show 🗑
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| Spongy bone is replaced every __ years. | show 🗑
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| show | 10 years
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| When bone remains in place for a long time they __. | show 🗑
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| show | Fracture.
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| In adults, where does bone remodeling occur? | show 🗑
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| Osteoid seam | show 🗑
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| Calcification Front | show 🗑
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| show | Essential for mineralization - shed by osteoblasts.
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| show | Multinucleated
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| Osteoclasts arise from same hematopoietic stem cells as __. | show 🗑
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| Lysosomal enzymes | show 🗑
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| Hydrochloric Acid | show 🗑
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| 2 Control loops that regulaate bone remodeling. | show 🗑
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| show | In the intestines under Vitamin D metabolites.
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| Bone remodeling hormonal mechanism involves the __. | show 🗑
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| Calcitonin | show 🗑
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| When blood levels of calcium drop __ is released. | show 🗑
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| __ levels stimulate osteoclasts to reabsorb bone. | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium salts
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| show | Sustained high Ca levels in blood.
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| show | Deposits of Ca salts in vellsels, kidneys & organs.
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| Which fat-derrived hormone regulates bone density? | show 🗑
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| Wolff's Law regarding stresses | show 🗑
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| show | The common stresses it encounters.
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| Deforming a bone produces an __. | show 🗑
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| show | (1) long bones thickest midway of diaphysis, (2) Curved bones thickest where they might bend, (3) Trabeculae form trusses along compression lines, (4) Large, bondy projections occur where muscles attach.
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| show | Realignment of the broken bone ends.
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| Hydroxyapatite | show 🗑
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| show | Open (internal) reduction.
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| 4 Stages of bone fracture healing. | show 🗑
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| Fibrocartilaginous Callus | show 🗑
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| What underlies nearly every skeletal disease? | show 🗑
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| show | Soft bones-osteoid produced by no salts deposited.
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| Paget's Disease | show 🗑
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| If you need more calcium, the __ gland secretes hormone. | show 🗑
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| show | Less = thyroid
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| show | Diaphysis
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| show | Lamella
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| show | Osteon
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| 65% of bone mass is __. | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoid
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| show | Towards
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| show | In children - bone bends & only 1 side breaks.
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| Compression Fracture | show 🗑
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| show | Ragged break due to twist forces - common in sports.
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| Osteogenesis is a process of __ & __. | show 🗑
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| __ Increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions. | show 🗑
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| Comminuted Fracture | show 🗑
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| Epiphyseal Fracture | show 🗑
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| Depressed Fracture | show 🗑
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| Bone formed is poorly mineralized & soft - deforms during weight-bearing. | show 🗑
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| Abnormal bone formation & reabsorption. | show 🗑
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| In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows __. | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of bone & marrow by pus-forming bacteria due to wound.
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| Achondroplasia | show 🗑
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| show | Too short.
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| show | Inflammation of bony tissue.
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| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | show 🗑
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| show | Foramen
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| show | Ostealgia
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| show | Spongy Bone
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| There is blood-forming marrow in most __ bones of adults. | show 🗑
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| Interstitial Growth | show 🗑
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