endocrine system galen
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| when a cell communicates with itself | autocrine communication
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| when a cell comunicates only with the cells closest to it | paracrine communication
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| when a cell communicates by releasing chemicals into the blood or lymph | endocrine communication
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| factors in blood or lymph that stimulate a gland | humoral stimuli
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| when a neuron stimulates an endocrine gland | neural stimuli
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| when a hormone stimulates the release of another hormone | hormonal stimuli
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| derived from amino acids, hydrophylic(disolves into blood or lymph), unable to pass through cell membrane, activates cell receptor like a lock and key | amino acid based hormones
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| hydrophophobic(can't disolve in blood or lymph), must bind to an amphipathic molecule(a chaparone)can dissolve intot eh cell membrane, binds to intercellular receptor to initiate response | steroid based hormones
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| specific hormones can only bind to specific receptors | hormone specificity
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| once a hormone binds to a receptor it does not stay attached, but bounces on and off | dynamic equilibrium
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| the bonding strength of a hormone | affinity
the higher the affinity, the more apt the hormone will bind tot eh receptor
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| acts as the link between the nervous system and endocrine system | hypothalamus
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| thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) leutinizing hormone(LH) adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) frowth hormone(GH) prolactin all are secreted by | anterior pituitary
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| Function: stimulates thyroid Target Organ: thyroid release stimulated by: thyroid releasing hormone(TRH) from the hypothalamus | TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
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| function: stimulates sex cell production(eggs or sperm) target organ: gonads release stimulated by: gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) from the hypothalamus | FSH follicle stimulating hormone
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| function: stimulates release of sex steroids target organ:gonads release stimulated by: gonadotropin hormone(GnRH) from the hypothalamus | LH leutinizing hormone
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| function: stimulates release of steroids from the adrenal cortex target organ: adrenal cortex release is stimulated by: corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) from the hypothalamus | adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)
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| function: stimulates mitosis and cell division target organs: bones, muscle, and other structures associated with growth release is stimulated by: growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH) from the hypothalamus | growth hormone(GH)
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| function: stimulates milk production target organ: mammary glands release is stimulated by: decreased prolactin inhibiting hormone(PIH) from the hypothalamus | prolactin
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| the posterior pituitary releases two hormones | vasopressin, oxytocin
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| function: regulation of water concentration target organ: kidneys release is stimulated by: neurons from the hypothalamus | vasopressin
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| function: stimulating milk ejection and uterus contraction target organ: mammary glands and uterus release is stimulated by: neurons from the ypothalamus | oxytocin
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| thyroid releases two important hormones | calcitonin and thyroxine(T3and T4)
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| function:inhibits calcium entry into the blood from the intestine and other sources. The overall result is reduction of blood calcium levels Target organ: intestine, kidney, bone release is stimulated by: high blood calcium levels | calcitonin
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| function: regulates metobolic rate target organ: all cells of the body release is stimulated by: TSH from the anterior pituitary | thyroxine(T3andT4)
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| releases parathyroid hormone | parathyroid gland
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| function: promotes calcium entry into the blood target organ:intestine, kidney, bone release is stimulated by: low blood calcium levels | parathyroid hormone(PTH)
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| two separate regions of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
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| function: promote the fight or flight response during periods of stress target organ: all tissues involved in fight or flight response release initiated by: sympathetic nervous system | epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| aldosterone and cortisol are released by | adrenal cortex
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| function: regulates ion and water balance target organ: kidneys release is initiated by: ACTH from the anterior pituitary | aldosterone
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| function: increases blood sugar levels target organ: liver, immune system release initiated by: ACTH from the anterior pituitary | cortisol
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| made and released by the pancreas function: allows entry of glucose into cells target organ: liver, muscle, fat release is initiated by: high blood glucose levels | insulin
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| made and released by the pancreas function: promotes the creation and release of glucose from teh cells target organ: liver release is initiated by: low blood glucose levels | glucagon
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| produced by the testes function: aids in the development of male sexual characteristics target organ: muscle, bone brain, and many other regions release is stimulated by: LH from the anterior pituitary | testosterone
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| produced by the ovaries function: aids in the development of female sexual characterisics target organ: muscle, bone, brain, and many other regions release is initiated by: LH from the anterior pituitary | estrogen
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| produced by the pineal gland function: initiates sleep cycle target organ: brain release is initiated by: darkness | melatonin
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