NOTes
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| Functions | Maintains proper balance of water, salts and acids in body fluid. Filters the blood to remove urea and other waste materials. Converts waste products and excess fluids into urine.
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| Structures | *2 kidneys *2 Ureters *1 bladder *1 Urethra
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| Kidneys | *Filter blood to remove waste and excess water; excreted as urine.
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| Kidney layers | Has two, renal cortex and medulla.
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| Renal cortex | Contains nephrons
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| Nephrons | Form urine by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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| Glomerulus | it's inside a nephron, filters blood entering the nephron.
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| Waste products | pass through collecting tubes before entering the ureters
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| Uterers | Narrow tubes about 10-12 inches long that carry urine from kidney to urinary bladder. *There is one ureter for each kidney bladder.
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| Urinary bladder | Holds back, reserves, urine. Holds about a pint of urine (2 Cups)
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| Urethra | Tube extending from the urinary bladder to outside the body.
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| Urinary Sphincters | COntrol flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra, and our of the urethra through the urinary meatus.
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| Urination | Normal process of excreting urine from the body
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| Other names for urination | Micturation or voiding
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| Nephrologist | Specializes in treating disorders of the kidney
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| Urologist | Specializes in treating disorders of the urinary system
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| Renal Failure | Inability of the kidney or kidneys to perform their functions. Damaged nephrons connot be replaced, when too many are damaged, kidney failure results.
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| Anuria | NO urine formation, or you can't pee
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| Chronic Renal Failure | Pregressive disease. WHen kidney function is insufficient, dialysis or transplantation is required.
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| Glomerulonephritis | Inflammation of the kidney glomeruli, often an autoimmune problem.
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| Pyelonephritis | Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney
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| Nephrolithiasis | Presence of stones in the kidney
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| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder.
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| Urinary Tract Infection | (UTI) Usually start in the blader. More common in women.
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| Dysuria | Difficult or painful urination. Symptom frequently associated with UTI's
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| Polyuria | Excessive urination, frequently associated with diabetes.
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| Urinary Retention | Inability to void(empty bladder) or no able to pee.
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| Urinary incontinence | Inability to control the voiding of urine, or you pee a lot.
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| Catherization | Insertion of a sterile catherer through the urethra, and into the urinary bladder. Commonly doe to relieve urinary retention pressure, obtain sterile specimens for testing, and prevent incontinence during surgical procedures.
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| Cystoscopy | Visual exam of the urinary bladder using a cystocope.
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| KUB | (Kidney, Uterers, Bladder) Radiographic study of these structures without use of contrast dye.
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| Urinalysis | Laboratory examination of urine.
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| Dialysis | Procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function.
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| Hemodialysis | Shunt place in patients arm and connected to artificial kidney machine and blood flows through filters in the machine to remove extra fluid and wastes. Then, blood is returned to the patient's body.
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| Peritoneal Dialysis | Lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove wastes from the blood. Solution is run into the peritoneal cavity from a catherer and then allowed to drain out of the body to remove toxins
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| Kidney Transplant | Donor kidney used to replace the patients failed kidney
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| Lithotripsy | Destruction of kidney stone using ultrasonic waves traveling through water.
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| Dialysis technician | Operates the hemodialysis machine and provides emotional support and nutritional counseling.
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| Urology LPN or certified nursing assistant | Helping with patients who have urinary or kidney problems.
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