Mod 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| One function of blood: Transports O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, wastes and ________. | heat
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| The extracellular fluid found in blood vessels; blood minus the formed elements. | plasma
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| regulates pH, body temperature and water content of cells | blood
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| One function of blood: Protects against blood loss through ________. | clotting
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| One function of blood: Protects against disease through _________ WBC and antibodies. | phagocytic
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| Plasma is 92% _________. | water
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| Plasma contains proteins, electrolytes, nutrients,& regulatory substances such as _____& enzymes. | hormones
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| 3 kinds of plasma proteins are: albumin, fibrinogen, and | globulin
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| Plasma proteins that forms antibodies, transports lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. | globulins
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| Organ that is a major source of plasma proteines | liver
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| Hematocrit measures: | RBC
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| Plasma protein that functions in blood clotting. | fibrinogen
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| Plasma protein that transports proteins. | albumin
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| Blood cell that combats pathogens and other foreign substances. | WBC
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| Blood cell that transports O2 and CO2. | RBC
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| Blood cell that operates in homeostasis; promotes vascular spasm and blood clotting. | platelets
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| formation and development of blood cells | hemopoiesis
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| Where does hemopoiesis occur in adults? | red bone marrow
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| Lymphocytes begin development in red bone marrow and complete development in ___________. | lymphatic tissues
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| blood cell that transports O2 and CO2 | erythrocytes
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| functions in blood clotting | thrombocytes
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| platelet | thrombocyte
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| major phagocytes | monocytes and neutrophils
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| produce antibodies | lymphocytes
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| major cell of immune response | lymphocyte
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| name of white blood cells | leukocytes
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| realease of histamine and heparin | basophils
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| increase in number during allergic reactions | basophils & eosinophils
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| originate from stem cells in red bone marrow and produce memory cells | T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
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| True/False: T-Lymphocytes attack antigen found within body cells. | True
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| TRUE/FALSE: B-Lymphocytes attack antigen found outside body cells. | TRUE
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| T-lymphocytes mature in the _____, perform cell-mediated immune response, attack invaders directly. | thymus
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| B-lymphocytes are reponsible for _____ immune response, become plasma cells that secrete antibodies that bind to antigens. | humoral
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| AKA CD4 cells, stimulate multiplication of both B- & killer T-cells. | helper T-cells
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| AKA CD8 cells or killer T-cells, destroy antigen-bearing cells by disrupting plasma membrane. | cytotoxic T-cell
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| The ________T-cell is involved in cell-mediated immunity. | cytotoxic
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| B-cells, _________, & antigen-presenting cells engulf & display antigens on their surface MHC's. | dendritic cellss
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| The Immunoglobulin IgM activates & causes agglutination & lysis of microbes. Used in blood _________. | typing
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| Antibody A in plasma has | antigen-B
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| Antibody B in plasma has | antigen-A
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| Antibody O in plasma has | antigen-A and antigen-B
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| Antibody AB in plasma is compatible with | all blood types with the same Rh factor
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| If the mother is Rh- and the firstborn is Rh+, the mother is given ______ right away. | RhoGAM
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| Leukocytes combat ______ and other foreign substances that enter the body. | pathogens
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| Lymphocytes are a type of WBC that help carry out cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune | responses
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| Organ in which plasma clotting factors are synthesized. | liver
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| Vitamin necessary for blood clotting | K
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| Mineral necessary for blood clotting | Ca2+
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| clot retraction is carried out by the | fibrinolytic system
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| dissolution of a clot | fibrinolysis
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| enzyme that promotes fibrinolysis | plasmin
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| Agglutination is/is not a clumping of microorganisms or blood cells due an antibody-antigen reaction. | is
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| Coagulation is/is not a series of chemical reactions that culminates in formation of fibrin threads and spools. | is not
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| Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation both lead to the formation of ________. | Prothrombinase
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| Prothrombin in the plasma is converted to its active form _________. | thrombin
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| Thrombin is an enzyme that ______ fibrinogen to fibrin. | converts
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| Fibrinogen is active/inactive and soluble/insoluble. | inactive and soluble
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| Fibrin is active/inactive and soluble/insoluble. | active and insoluble
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| Fibrin is an _______ stringy substance that makes up a clot. | insoluble
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| Substance that prevents, delays or suppresses blod clotting. | anticoagulant
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| Substance released by mast cells and basophils that is also used clinically. | heparin
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| "Blood thinners" are/are not given to patients in danger of forming blood clots. | are
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| A stationary clot formed in an unbroken blood vessel, usually a vein. | thrombus
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| A blood clot, a bubble of air, fat from broken bones, a mass of bacteria or foreign material transported by the blood. | embolus
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| The difference between an embolus and a thrombus is that thrombus is due to the _______ mechanism of the body gone awry. | repair
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| One function of the immune system is to drain excess ______. | ISF
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| One function of the immune system is to absorb dietary ______ from the GI tract & deliver to the blood. | lipids
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| The lymphatic system carries out ___________. | immune responses
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| One function of the immune system using macrophages is to carry out ________. | phagocytosis
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| What is the difference between ISF and lymph? | location
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| Plasma is in the blood and has proteins, lymph is in _____ vessels and lymphatic tissue. | lymphatic
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| Blood plasma filters ____ capillary walls to form ISF which passes into lymphatic vessels & becomes lymph. | through
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| The skeletal muscle pump and the respiratory pump assist in the ______ of lymph. | flow
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| The thymus gland is located in the ________ between the sternum and aorta. | mediastinum
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| T-cells mature and develop immunocompetance in the _______ gland. | thymus
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| The spleen is to the circulatory system as lymph nodes are to the lymphatic _______. | system
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| The spleen is located in the ___ hypochondriac region between the stomach & the diaphragm. | left
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| The spleen _______s blood. | filter
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| The spleen performs phagocytosis of ruptured blood cells, formation of blood cells in fetal development proliferation of _____ cells during immune responses. | B
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| Lymph nodes are encapsulated, act as a lymph filter & send macrophages out to ____ some foreign substances. | destroy
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| What fluid do lymph nodes filter? | lymph
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| Lymph ______ are follicles scattered thruout lamina propria (connective tissue) that filter lymph & send macrophages out to destroy some foreign substances. | nodules
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| ______ participate in immune responses against inhaled or ingested foreign substances. | Tonsils
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| "Second Line of Defense": defenses were breached, send in additional/no more defenders. | additional
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| Examples of innate, second line of ________ mechanisms are NK cells, fever, inflammation, and internal antimicrobial substances. | defense
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| Fixed macrophages are phagocytes that engulf & destroy potentially ________ foreign substances. | harmful
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| Monocytes form/destroy macrophages and perform antigen presentation. | form
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| When microbes penetrate the skin or mucous membranes or bypass antimicrobial substances in the blood the next nonspecific defense against invaders are | natural killer cells
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| Abbreviation for cells that have the ability to kill a wide variety of infected body cells & certain tumor cells. | NK
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| NK cells attack/promote body cells that display abnormal or unusual plasma membrane proteins. | attack
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| Generally, the response to tissue damage, tissue injury, infection or pulled tendon. | inflammation
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| Four cardinal signs of inflammation: redness, pain, heat and | swelling
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| 4 responses to tissue injury: vasodilation, increased capillary _______, & chemotaxis & emigration of phagocytes. | permeability
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| Increased capillary permeability due to tissue injury allows ______ to enter the area and causes swelling. | proteins
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| A process where several different chemicals are released by microbes and inflamed tissues to attract phagocytes. | chemotaxis
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| Three defining characteristics of adaptive immunity: specificity, ______, self-tolerance. | memory
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| A foreign substances in the body that evokes an immune response. | antigen
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| Snake venom, parasites, viruses, bacteria are all examples of | antigens
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| Antigenic cells are a disfunction, ex's: cancer cells, cells that have abnormal MHC markers, tissue ____, & virus infected cells. | transplantation
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| MHC | major histocompatibility complex
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| HLA AKA MHC | human leukocyte antigens
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| MHC are genetically determined markers that help T-cells recognize self from | non-self
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| Any particular lymphocyte is capable of recognizing _____ antigen. | one
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| Capable of mounting an immune response. | immunocompetence
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| Method of cell-mediated immunity: _____ cells carry out the destruction of foreigners, binding the antigen. | cytotoxic T
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| Antibody-mediated immunity: B-cells turn into plasma cells that ____ antibodies that bind to antigens. | secrete
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| 3 steps to Immunity response: Recognize, Activate, _______ | Attack
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| The activity occuring during activate phase of an immune response | cloning
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| Helper T-cells produce | cytokines
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| Plasma cells secrete antibodies that ________ antigen | neutralize
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| Plasma cells secrete antibodies that ________ bacteria | immobilize
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| Plasma cells secrete antibodies that ________ complement | activate
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| Plasma cells secrete antibodies that ________ and precipitate antigen | agglutinate
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| Plasma cells secrete antibodies that ________ phagocytosis | enhance
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| Antimicrobial substance secreted by lymphocytes, macrophages & fibroblasts infected by a virus that induce antiviral proteins that interfere with viral replication. | interferon
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| The ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. | phagocytosis
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| Substance released by cytotoxic T-cells that insert into the plasma membrane of the target cell & creates channels in the membrane. | perforin
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| Protein-digesting enzymes released by cytotoxic T-cells that trigger apoptosis. | granzymes
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| Programmed cell death; a type of cell death that, for one thing, eliminates many potentially dangerous cells such as cancer cells. | apoptosis
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| Substance released by cytotoxic T-cells which enter perforin channels & creates holes in the plasma membrane of the infected body cell. | granulysin
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| A toxic molecule released by cytotoxic T-cells that activates enzymes in the target cell that cuase the DNA to fragment leading to cell death. | lymphotoxin
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