A&P final review - reproductive system
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| CVS | chorionic villus sampling takes sample of tissue from placenta for prenatal genetic diagnosis
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| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein (high levels of amniotic fluid of fetus or maternal serum indicate increased risk of neurologic birth defects in the infant)
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| PMS | premenstrual syndrome
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| Estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
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| Fetal ultrasonography | high frequency sound waves are used to create an image of the internal structures
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| Amniocentesis | A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
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| Gonads | reproductive glands
male- testes
female- ovaries
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| Progesterone | hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
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| EFM | Electronic Fetal Monitoring
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| Karyotype | A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
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| Corpus luteum | Yellow glandular mass (corpus) formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum. It secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy.
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| Endometrium | the mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus
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| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization.
Eggs (ova) are removed from the ovary laproscopically and placed in a culture dish. The eggs are fertilized with a sperm sample from the father or donor male.
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| EP | ectopic pregnancy
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| LH | Lutenizing Hormone
stimulates androgen synthesis in proliferative phase and progesterone synthesis in secretory phase
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| myometrium | the smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus
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| HCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a developing embryo that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum, and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone.
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| FSH | Follicle stimulating homorne
anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates gamete production in the gonads
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| Perimetrium | outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus
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| Location and function of seminal vesicles | The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms' motility (ability to
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| Location and function of prostate gland | The prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum. The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm. The urethra, which carries t
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| Location and function of cowpers glands | The bulbourethral glands, or Cowper's glands, are pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland. These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate t
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| Menstrual phase | the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the lining of the uterus is shed (the first day of menstrual flow is considered day 1 of the menstrual cycle)
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| Proliferative phase | Phase of the menstrual cycle that begins around day 3 when follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland begins to increase and ovulation happens at the end of this phase.
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| Secretory phase | the portion of the uterine cycle when the endometrium continues to thicken, becomes more vascularized, and develops glands that secrete a fluid rich in glycogen
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| Where does fertilization occur? | upper 1/3 of the fallopian tube
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| When does implantation occur? | 5-7 days after fertilization
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| When is the embryo completely embedded in the endometrium? | 12 days after fertilization
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| Difference between mitosis and meiosis | mitosis results in 2 genetically identical diploid cells,
meiosis results in 4 genetically different haploid cells
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| Phases of mitosis? | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
(Pretty Men Are Tough)
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| Phases of meiosis? | Interphase,
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1,
prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2.
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| Interphase | the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions
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| Metaphase | second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
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| Anaphase | the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
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| Telophase | the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
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