A&P - Chap 6
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| compact bone | dense and looks homogenous
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| spongy (cancellous) bone | composed of flat or needle like pieces
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| trabeculae | needle like or flat pieces of bone in spongy bone
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| sesamoid bones, example | type of short bone embedded in tendon, patella
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| shape classifications (4) | long, short, irregular, flat
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| diaphysis | shaft
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| medullary cavity | contains yellow bone marrow
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| epiphyses | the bone ends
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| epiphyseal line | line of cartilage where epiphyses meet the diaphyses
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| periosteum | shaft is protected by this white, double layered membrane
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| osteoblasts | bone forming cells
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| osteoclasts | bone destroying cells
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| Sharpey's fibers connects what? | periosteum to shaft
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| endosteum | lines the inside of the bone
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| articular cartilage | covers epiphyses, hyaline
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| osteon, Haversian system | the circle of bone under microscope
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| lamella | the rings inside the circles of bone under a microscope
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| the central, haversian canal | blood vessels and nerve fibers pass through hole under microscope
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| perforating, volkmann's canals | run at right angles to axis of the bone, connecting nerves of periosteum to central canals
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| osteocytes | dots under microscope, in lacunae
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| canaliculi | hairlike canals connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
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| hydroxyapatites | mineral salts
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| osteogenesis or ossification | the process of bone formation
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| intramembranous ossification | bone forms from fibrous membrane (embryo) FORMS FLAT BONES
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| endochondral ossification | bone forms from hyaline cartilage
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| 3 steps of intramembranous ossification | formation of bone matrix, formation of woven bone and periosteum, formation of compact bone plates
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| steps of endochondral ossification | formation of bone collar, cavity forms,vessel enters (periosteal bud), epiphyses form, complete
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| appositional growth | bone grows in thickness on the outside
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| parathyroid hormone | released when blood calcium declines, and causes bones to lose calcium
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| calcitonin | released when blood calcium rises, causes bones to get calcium
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| wolff's law | bones remodel in response to outside forces
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| osteoperosis | bone resorption outpaces bone deposit
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| osteomalacia | bones are inadequately mineralized (Rickets in children)
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| Paget's disease | bone resorption or formation is abnormal, ex: high ratio of woven bone to compact
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