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A&P - Chap 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compact bone | dense and looks homogenous |
| spongy (cancellous) bone | composed of flat or needle like pieces |
| trabeculae | needle like or flat pieces of bone in spongy bone |
| sesamoid bones, example | type of short bone embedded in tendon, patella |
| shape classifications (4) | long, short, irregular, flat |
| diaphysis | shaft |
| medullary cavity | contains yellow bone marrow |
| epiphyses | the bone ends |
| epiphyseal line | line of cartilage where epiphyses meet the diaphyses |
| periosteum | shaft is protected by this white, double layered membrane |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| osteoclasts | bone destroying cells |
| Sharpey's fibers connects what? | periosteum to shaft |
| endosteum | lines the inside of the bone |
| articular cartilage | covers epiphyses, hyaline |
| osteon, Haversian system | the circle of bone under microscope |
| lamella | the rings inside the circles of bone under a microscope |
| the central, haversian canal | blood vessels and nerve fibers pass through hole under microscope |
| perforating, volkmann's canals | run at right angles to axis of the bone, connecting nerves of periosteum to central canals |
| osteocytes | dots under microscope, in lacunae |
| canaliculi | hairlike canals connect lacunae to each other and the central canal |
| hydroxyapatites | mineral salts |
| osteogenesis or ossification | the process of bone formation |
| intramembranous ossification | bone forms from fibrous membrane (embryo) FORMS FLAT BONES |
| endochondral ossification | bone forms from hyaline cartilage |
| 3 steps of intramembranous ossification | formation of bone matrix, formation of woven bone and periosteum, formation of compact bone plates |
| steps of endochondral ossification | formation of bone collar, cavity forms,vessel enters (periosteal bud), epiphyses form, complete |
| appositional growth | bone grows in thickness on the outside |
| parathyroid hormone | released when blood calcium declines, and causes bones to lose calcium |
| calcitonin | released when blood calcium rises, causes bones to get calcium |
| wolff's law | bones remodel in response to outside forces |
| osteoperosis | bone resorption outpaces bone deposit |
| osteomalacia | bones are inadequately mineralized (Rickets in children) |
| Paget's disease | bone resorption or formation is abnormal, ex: high ratio of woven bone to compact |
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ngrable
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