MEDSCI 142
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| enamel | -hardest tissue -ca phosphate/carbonate -no sensation
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| Dentin | -similar to enamel -have cells -ondontoblasts in pulp
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| Pulp | -soft tissue
-BV, lymphatic, nerves
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| Cementum | -calcified CT -covers root
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| periodontal ligament | -collagen fibres -connect bone of socket to cementum
-rapid turnover
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| Tongue muscles | -longitudinal -transverse -vertical -movement in all directions
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| Tongue surface | papillae=fungiform + filiform + circumvallate
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| Salivary glands (3 types) | -(1)parotid -(2)submandibular
-(3)sublingual
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| salivary glands function | -parasympathetic stimulation
-smell,taste,thought,seeing food
-saliva=water+mucous+enzymes
-lysozymes & amylase
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| Lysozyme & amylase | -antibacterial
-breaks down starch debri
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| peritoneal cavity | -serous fluid
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| large folds | -bind organs together & to abdominal cavity
-contain BV,lymphatics & nerves
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| Greater omentum | -largest fold -drapes over colon & small instest.
-fatty apron
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| Falciform ligament | -liver to ab. wall & diaphragm
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| lesser omentum | -suspends stomach & dueodenum from liver
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| mesentry | -jejunium & ileum to ab. wall
-double layered
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| four tunics of the gut | (1)mucous membrane (2)submucous membrane (3)external SM
(4)serosa
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| (1)mucous membrane | -epithelium(protection & absorption)
-lamina propria (soft CT,defensive cells, BV lymph,nerves)
-muscularis mucosae(mucous)
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| (2)submucosa membrane | -thick bed CT
-BV, lymph, nerves
-movement & connection betwn. muscle & mucosa
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| (3)smooth muscle | -peristalisis -inner=circular
-outer=longitudinal
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| (4)serosa | -slippery outer covering -2layered
-outer mesothelium in CT
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| Esophagus function | -transport
-protection
-little secretion
-noabsorption
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| Esophagus 4 normal layer except: | -lacks serosa
-SM & skeletal muscle in upper
-sacrificial mucous mem.
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| stomach -4regions | -Fundus -cardia -body -pylorus
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| Stomach functions (5) | -secretion:enzyme,acids
-Absorption:H2O,ions,drugs
-digestion:by pepsin
-transport:mixing waves
-protection:against microbes
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| Stomach 4 layers usual except: | -pits in epithelial
-secreting cells
-3-layers external muscle
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| mucosa of stomach (cells involved) | -surface mucosa
-undifferentiated
-mucous neck cells
-parietal
-chief cells
-gastrin (enteroendocrine)
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| Surface mucosa cells | -insoluble
-alkaline mucus -protects from acids & pepsin
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| Chief cells | -lipase
-pepsinogen-->pepsin by acid
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| Undifferentiated | -stem cells -divide forming new epithelium
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| parietal cells | -HCl kills microbes
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| Gastrin cells (enteroendocrine) STOMACH | -gastrin(in blood)stim: secretion of pepsinogen & acid,
muscle contraction, pyloric sphincter relaxation
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| mucous neck cells | -soluble alkaline mucous
-mealtimes
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| Liver | -huge gland -made of hepatocytes (epi.cells)
-derived from embryonic endoderm
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| Hepatocytes Functions (4) | -multitalented(more than 500 diff. met. fn)
-glycogen/glucose storage & release
-bile syn. & secretion
-syn. plasma proteins
-removal of toxins
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| Hepatocyte requires..? (3) | -nutrient laden blood
-oxygenated blood
-ducts(drain bile)
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| Pancreas | -dual organ -endocrine & exocrine
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| Pancreas [exocrine] | -manufactures precursor digestive enzy
-secret alkaline "pancreatic juices"
-active in duodenum
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| Pancreatic enzyme digest... | -most food substance
-lipids, proteins, carbs, nuceic acids)
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| Pancreas [endocrine] | -secrete hormones into blood stream -reg. blood glucose (insulin & glucagon)
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| Small intestine (3 parts) | -dueodenum
-jejunum
-ileum
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| Duodenum Fn | -biliary & pancreatic ducts
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| jejunum Fn | -primary chem. digestion & nutrient absorption
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| Illeum | -terminates at ileocecal sphincter -controls entry of materials
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| Small intestine usual except: | -specialised mucosa incr. SA
-submucosa downstream from pyloric contains mucous glands
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| glands of brunner | -in small intestine
-below pyloric sphincter
-mucous gland
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| Increasing SA in small intestine (3) | (1)plicae (2)villi (3)microvilli
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| incr. SA (1)Plicae | -circular folds -1cM -mucosa surrounding
-submucosa in core
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| incr. SA (2)villi | -fingers -1mm -epi. covers
-lamina propria covers
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| incr. SA (3)microvilli | -finger -1mircoM -brush border -on indiv. absorptive cells
-cell mem. covers -cytoplasm inside
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| Paneth cells | -bactericidal enzyme lysozyme(phagocytic)
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| Goblet cells | secret mucus
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| Epithelial cells in small instestine are............? | short lived
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| lymph vessel in villi [small instestine] | -lacteal
-SM fibres contract & lymph milked along
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| enteroendocrine cells stimulated by ______ which cause secretion of ______ | -arrival of chyme -secretin=stim. pancreatic juices released
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| Large intestine functions (5) | (1)absorption(salt&water)
(2)secretion(mucus) (3)defacation (4)conversion(chyme->feces)
(5)bacteria (produce vits)
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| ileocecal valve | -controls flow chyme -illeum->cecum
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| 7 parts of large intestine | cecum
-appendix
-ascending colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-haustra
-sigmoid colon
-rectum
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| cecum | -dilated pouch
-bacteria digest here (not enzymes)
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| Appendix | -vestigial
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| large intestine usual except: MUCOSA | -no vili
-enterocytes
-goblet no paneth
-renewal of wall
-many lymphocytes
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| large intestine usual except: External muscle | -longitudinal muscle contract to form pockets (Haustra coli)
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| mucosa of colon | -columnar absorptive (enterocytes)
-goblet
-undiff.
-WBC
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