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Digestive system
MEDSCI 142
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| enamel | -hardest tissue -ca phosphate/carbonate -no sensation |
| Dentin | -similar to enamel -have cells -ondontoblasts in pulp |
| Pulp | -soft tissue -BV, lymphatic, nerves |
| Cementum | -calcified CT -covers root |
| periodontal ligament | -collagen fibres -connect bone of socket to cementum -rapid turnover |
| Tongue muscles | -longitudinal -transverse -vertical -movement in all directions |
| Tongue surface | papillae=fungiform + filiform + circumvallate |
| Salivary glands (3 types) | -(1)parotid -(2)submandibular -(3)sublingual |
| salivary glands function | -parasympathetic stimulation -smell,taste,thought,seeing food -saliva=water+mucous+enzymes -lysozymes & amylase |
| Lysozyme & amylase | -antibacterial -breaks down starch debri |
| peritoneal cavity | -serous fluid |
| large folds | -bind organs together & to abdominal cavity -contain BV,lymphatics & nerves |
| Greater omentum | -largest fold -drapes over colon & small instest. -fatty apron |
| Falciform ligament | -liver to ab. wall & diaphragm |
| lesser omentum | -suspends stomach & dueodenum from liver |
| mesentry | -jejunium & ileum to ab. wall -double layered |
| four tunics of the gut | (1)mucous membrane (2)submucous membrane (3)external SM (4)serosa |
| (1)mucous membrane | -epithelium(protection & absorption) -lamina propria (soft CT,defensive cells, BV lymph,nerves) -muscularis mucosae(mucous) |
| (2)submucosa membrane | -thick bed CT -BV, lymph, nerves -movement & connection betwn. muscle & mucosa |
| (3)smooth muscle | -peristalisis -inner=circular -outer=longitudinal |
| (4)serosa | -slippery outer covering -2layered -outer mesothelium in CT |
| Esophagus function | -transport -protection -little secretion -noabsorption |
| Esophagus 4 normal layer except: | -lacks serosa -SM & skeletal muscle in upper -sacrificial mucous mem. |
| stomach -4regions | -Fundus -cardia -body -pylorus |
| Stomach functions (5) | -secretion:enzyme,acids -Absorption:H2O,ions,drugs -digestion:by pepsin -transport:mixing waves -protection:against microbes |
| Stomach 4 layers usual except: | -pits in epithelial -secreting cells -3-layers external muscle |
| mucosa of stomach (cells involved) | -surface mucosa -undifferentiated -mucous neck cells -parietal -chief cells -gastrin (enteroendocrine) |
| Surface mucosa cells | -insoluble -alkaline mucus -protects from acids & pepsin |
| Chief cells | -lipase -pepsinogen-->pepsin by acid |
| Undifferentiated | -stem cells -divide forming new epithelium |
| parietal cells | -HCl kills microbes |
| Gastrin cells (enteroendocrine) STOMACH | -gastrin(in blood)stim: secretion of pepsinogen & acid, muscle contraction, pyloric sphincter relaxation |
| mucous neck cells | -soluble alkaline mucous -mealtimes |
| Liver | -huge gland -made of hepatocytes (epi.cells) -derived from embryonic endoderm |
| Hepatocytes Functions (4) | -multitalented(more than 500 diff. met. fn) -glycogen/glucose storage & release -bile syn. & secretion -syn. plasma proteins -removal of toxins |
| Hepatocyte requires..? (3) | -nutrient laden blood -oxygenated blood -ducts(drain bile) |
| Pancreas | -dual organ -endocrine & exocrine |
| Pancreas [exocrine] | -manufactures precursor digestive enzy -secret alkaline "pancreatic juices" -active in duodenum |
| Pancreatic enzyme digest... | -most food substance -lipids, proteins, carbs, nuceic acids) |
| Pancreas [endocrine] | -secrete hormones into blood stream -reg. blood glucose (insulin & glucagon) |
| Small intestine (3 parts) | -dueodenum -jejunum -ileum |
| Duodenum Fn | -biliary & pancreatic ducts |
| jejunum Fn | -primary chem. digestion & nutrient absorption |
| Illeum | -terminates at ileocecal sphincter -controls entry of materials |
| Small intestine usual except: | -specialised mucosa incr. SA -submucosa downstream from pyloric contains mucous glands |
| glands of brunner | -in small intestine -below pyloric sphincter -mucous gland |
| Increasing SA in small intestine (3) | (1)plicae (2)villi (3)microvilli |
| incr. SA (1)Plicae | -circular folds -1cM -mucosa surrounding -submucosa in core |
| incr. SA (2)villi | -fingers -1mm -epi. covers -lamina propria covers |
| incr. SA (3)microvilli | -finger -1mircoM -brush border -on indiv. absorptive cells -cell mem. covers -cytoplasm inside |
| Paneth cells | -bactericidal enzyme lysozyme(phagocytic) |
| Goblet cells | secret mucus |
| Epithelial cells in small instestine are............? | short lived |
| lymph vessel in villi [small instestine] | -lacteal -SM fibres contract & lymph milked along |
| enteroendocrine cells stimulated by ______ which cause secretion of ______ | -arrival of chyme -secretin=stim. pancreatic juices released |
| Large intestine functions (5) | (1)absorption(salt&water) (2)secretion(mucus) (3)defacation (4)conversion(chyme->feces) (5)bacteria (produce vits) |
| ileocecal valve | -controls flow chyme -illeum->cecum |
| 7 parts of large intestine | cecum -appendix -ascending colon -transverse colon -descending colon -haustra -sigmoid colon -rectum |
| cecum | -dilated pouch -bacteria digest here (not enzymes) |
| Appendix | -vestigial |
| large intestine usual except: MUCOSA | -no vili -enterocytes -goblet no paneth -renewal of wall -many lymphocytes |
| large intestine usual except: External muscle | -longitudinal muscle contract to form pockets (Haustra coli) |
| mucosa of colon | -columnar absorptive (enterocytes) -goblet -undiff. -WBC |
Created by:
meglet
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