BLOOD & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
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| Embolus | dislodged, circulating clot. small bit of fatty tissue or air that travels through the bloodstream until it becomes lodged inside a vessel.
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| Agglutination | clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins.
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| Albumin | plasma protein. helps maintain blood volume and pressure.
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| Allergens | substances that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body.
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| Anaphylaxis | exaggerated life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen.
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| Antibodies | substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. each class of antibody is named for it's action.
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| Antigens | substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody.
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| Coagulation | the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood.
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| Dyscrasia | abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as luekemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility.
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| Edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
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| Erythrocyte | mature red blood cell.
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| Erythropoietin | hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen). acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus able to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
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| Hematologist | medical specialist in the field of hematology.
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| Hemoglobin | complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs.
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| Hemorrhage | loss of large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or internally. It may be arterial, venous, or capillary.
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| Hyperalbuminemia | increased level of albumin in the blood.
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| Hyperlipemia | excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoproteins to high-density lipoproteins; also called hyperlipidemia.
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| Hyperlipidemia | see hyperlipemia
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| Leukocyte | white blood cell, one of the formed elements of circulating blood system
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| Leukocytopenia | abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter.
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| Pancytopenia | marked reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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| Plasma | watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended.
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| Platelet | a clotting cell; a thrombocyte.
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| Septicemia | systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body.
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| Serology | branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen-antibody reactions.
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| Serum | clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Serum contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen. also known as blood serum.
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| Splenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
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| Thrombocyte | a clotting cell; a platelet.
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| Thrombus | a clot.
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| Anemia | a condition in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to levels below the normal range, resulting in a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells
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| Aplastic Anemia | inadequency of the formed blood elements (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets) characterized by pancytopenia. also called bone marrow depression anemia.
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| Hemolytic Anemia | characterized by the extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction.
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| Iron deficiency Anemia | characterized by deficiency of hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body. There is a greater demand on the stored iron than can be supplied by the body.
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| Pernicious Anemia | results from deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megablasts with marked poikilocytosis and anisocytosis.
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| Sickle Cell Anemia | chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration.
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| Hemophilia | involves different hereditary inadequencies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times.
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| Leukemia (ALL, AML, CML) | excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets)
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| Polycythemia Vera | abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, & thrombocytes-leading to an increase in blood volume and thickness.
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| Purpura | collection of blood beneath the skin the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations.
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| Thalassemia | hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs.
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| Coomb's Test | used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh negative woman. also known as the direct antiglobulin (blood) test.
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| Bleeding Time | measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop.
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| Blood Transfusion | administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease.
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| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screen for problems in the hematologic system as well as several other organ systems.
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| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) | test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood. the ESR is determined by measuring the settling distance of RBCs in normal saline over one hour.
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| Hematocrit | assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume.
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| Hemoglobin Test | concentration measurement of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood.
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| Lipid Profile | measures the lipids in the blood.
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| Platelet Count | the count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood.
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| Prothrombin Time (PT) | blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation.
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| Red Blood Cell Count | measurment of the circulating number of RBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood.
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| Red Blood Cell Morphology | examination of the RBC on a strained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBCs.
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| Reticulocyte Count | measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes, in a blood specimen.
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| Schilling Test | diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia.
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| White Blood Cell Count (WBC) | Measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood.
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| White Blood Cell Differential | measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count.
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| Acquired Immunity | result of the blood developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent, as a result of having had the disease or from having received an immunization against a disease.
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| Edema | accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces.
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| Hypersensitivity | abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus.
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| Immunity | state of being resistant to or protected from a disease.
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| Local Reaction | reaction to treatment that occurs at the site it was administered.
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| Lymphocyte | small, agranulocytic leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow.
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| Natural Immunity | immunity in which we are born; also called genetic immunity.
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| Pathogens | disease-producing microorganisms.
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| Susceptible | a state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents.
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| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | involves clinical conditions that destroy the body's immune system in the last or final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which primarily damages helper T cell lymphocytes with CD4 receptors.
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| Kaposi's Sarcoma | locally destructive malignant neoplasm of the blood vessel associated with AIDS- typically forming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes.
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| Lymphoma | lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant- beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node(s) and progressing to anemia, weakness, fever, and weight loss.
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| Mononucleosis | usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). typically is a benign self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes.
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| ELISA | is a blood test used for screening an antibody to the AIDS virus.
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| Lymphangiogram | X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot.
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