A&P bones chapter 6
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| acetabulum | a socket in the pelvic bone where the thigh bone joins the pelvis
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| acromion | highest part of the shoulder where the clavicle and scapula meet
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| articulation | a joint which binds two bones together
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| ligaments | connective tissue which binds bone to bone
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| skeletal muscles | aka voluntary or striated muscles which attach to bone
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| smooth muscles | muscles found in visceral organs and blood vessels
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| synovial joints | freely moving joints
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| tendons | connective tissue which binds muscle to bone
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| frontal bone | front of the skull
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| occipital bone | back of head and base of skull
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| temporal bones | two temporal bones form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull
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| mandibular bone | lower jaw bone
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| lacrimal bones | thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail; located at the inner corner of each eye
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| cervical vertebrae | bones of the neck; C1-C7
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| thoracic vertebrae | connect with the 12 pairs of ribs; T1-T12
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| lumbar vertebrae | larger and heavier than the other vertebrae, support back and lower trunk; L1-L5
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| sacrum | triangular-shaped bone; S1
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| coccyx | tailbone
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| xiphoid process | lower portion of the sternum
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| humerus | upper arm bone
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| radius | one of the two lower arm bones; thumb side
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| ulna | one of the two lower arm bones; little finger side; has a large projection called the olecranon process (forms the point of the elbow)
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| carpals | bones of the wrist; each wrist has 8 carpal bones
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| metacarpals | form the bones of the hand; join carpals and phalanges
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| phalanges | bones of the finger; each finger contains 3, but thumb only contains 2
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| ilium | upper flared portion and largest of the 3 hip bones; good source for red bone marrow
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| iliac crest | curved, upper edge of the ilium
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| ischium | lowest part of the hip; strongest of pelvic bones
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| femur | thigh bone; longest heaviest, and strongest bone in the body
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| patella | kneecap; largest sesamoid bone; covers and protects the knee joint
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| tibia | shin bone; located on the big toe side of the lower leg
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| fibula | more slender of the two lower leg bones
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| tarsals | known as the ankle bone; there are 7 in each ankle
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| metatarsals | bones of the foot
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| phalanges | toes; each toe has 3 but the great toe only contains 2
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| condyle | knuckelike projection at the end of a bone
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| diaphysis | main shaftlike portion of a bone
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| epiphyseal line (growth plate) | layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis
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| epiphysis | the end of the bone
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| false ribs | rib pair 8-10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front
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| flat bones | bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces; such as the sternum
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| floating ribs | rib pairs 11 & 12
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| fontanelle | soft spot
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| foramen | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass
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| hematopoiesis | formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow
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| intercostal spaces | spaces between the ribs
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| intervertebral disc | a flat, cirular platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae
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| long bones | bones that are longer than they wide; such as the femur
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| ossification | the formation of bone
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| osteoblasts | immature bone cells
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| osteocytes | mature bone cells
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| periosteum | the thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone
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| short bones | as long as they are wide; such as the wrist bone
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| sinus | opening or hollow space
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| sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure
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| sutures | immovable joints, such as those of the cranium
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| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur
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| true ribs | the first seven pairs of ribs; connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front
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| tubercle | small rounded process of a bone
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| osteoporosis | porous bone; loss of bone density
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| osteomalacia | disease in which the bones become abnormally soft; called rickets
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| osteomyelitis | infection of the bone; resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
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| spinal stenosis | narrowing of the vertebral canal
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| kyphosis | humpback
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral (sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine
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| closed fracture | also known as a simple fracture; no open wound in skin
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| open fracture | also known as a compound fracture; open wound in skin
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| compression fracture | caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other
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| impacted fracture | direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone
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| colles' fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connectin the wrist bones
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| hairline fracture | also known as stress fracture
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| fracture | broken bone; sudden breaking of a bone
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| pathological fracture | occurs when a bone, weakened by a preexisting disease
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| closed reduction | fracture consists of aligning the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction without an incision int the skin
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| open reduction | fracture consists of realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery
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| lordosis | swayback
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| greenstick fracture | incomplete fracture
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| DEXA scan (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) | noninvasive procedure that measures bone density
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