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AR bones
A&P bones chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | a socket in the pelvic bone where the thigh bone joins the pelvis |
| acromion | highest part of the shoulder where the clavicle and scapula meet |
| articulation | a joint which binds two bones together |
| ligaments | connective tissue which binds bone to bone |
| skeletal muscles | aka voluntary or striated muscles which attach to bone |
| smooth muscles | muscles found in visceral organs and blood vessels |
| synovial joints | freely moving joints |
| tendons | connective tissue which binds muscle to bone |
| frontal bone | front of the skull |
| occipital bone | back of head and base of skull |
| temporal bones | two temporal bones form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull |
| mandibular bone | lower jaw bone |
| lacrimal bones | thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail; located at the inner corner of each eye |
| cervical vertebrae | bones of the neck; C1-C7 |
| thoracic vertebrae | connect with the 12 pairs of ribs; T1-T12 |
| lumbar vertebrae | larger and heavier than the other vertebrae, support back and lower trunk; L1-L5 |
| sacrum | triangular-shaped bone; S1 |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| xiphoid process | lower portion of the sternum |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| radius | one of the two lower arm bones; thumb side |
| ulna | one of the two lower arm bones; little finger side; has a large projection called the olecranon process (forms the point of the elbow) |
| carpals | bones of the wrist; each wrist has 8 carpal bones |
| metacarpals | form the bones of the hand; join carpals and phalanges |
| phalanges | bones of the finger; each finger contains 3, but thumb only contains 2 |
| ilium | upper flared portion and largest of the 3 hip bones; good source for red bone marrow |
| iliac crest | curved, upper edge of the ilium |
| ischium | lowest part of the hip; strongest of pelvic bones |
| femur | thigh bone; longest heaviest, and strongest bone in the body |
| patella | kneecap; largest sesamoid bone; covers and protects the knee joint |
| tibia | shin bone; located on the big toe side of the lower leg |
| fibula | more slender of the two lower leg bones |
| tarsals | known as the ankle bone; there are 7 in each ankle |
| metatarsals | bones of the foot |
| phalanges | toes; each toe has 3 but the great toe only contains 2 |
| condyle | knuckelike projection at the end of a bone |
| diaphysis | main shaftlike portion of a bone |
| epiphyseal line (growth plate) | layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis |
| epiphysis | the end of the bone |
| false ribs | rib pair 8-10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front |
| flat bones | bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces; such as the sternum |
| floating ribs | rib pairs 11 & 12 |
| fontanelle | soft spot |
| foramen | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass |
| hematopoiesis | formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow |
| intercostal spaces | spaces between the ribs |
| intervertebral disc | a flat, cirular platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae |
| long bones | bones that are longer than they wide; such as the femur |
| ossification | the formation of bone |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| periosteum | the thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone |
| short bones | as long as they are wide; such as the wrist bone |
| sinus | opening or hollow space |
| sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure |
| sutures | immovable joints, such as those of the cranium |
| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur |
| true ribs | the first seven pairs of ribs; connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front |
| tubercle | small rounded process of a bone |
| osteoporosis | porous bone; loss of bone density |
| osteomalacia | disease in which the bones become abnormally soft; called rickets |
| osteomyelitis | infection of the bone; resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood |
| spinal stenosis | narrowing of the vertebral canal |
| kyphosis | humpback |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral (sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine |
| closed fracture | also known as a simple fracture; no open wound in skin |
| open fracture | also known as a compound fracture; open wound in skin |
| compression fracture | caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other |
| impacted fracture | direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone |
| colles' fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connectin the wrist bones |
| hairline fracture | also known as stress fracture |
| fracture | broken bone; sudden breaking of a bone |
| pathological fracture | occurs when a bone, weakened by a preexisting disease |
| closed reduction | fracture consists of aligning the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction without an incision int the skin |
| open reduction | fracture consists of realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery |
| lordosis | swayback |
| greenstick fracture | incomplete fracture |
| DEXA scan (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) | noninvasive procedure that measures bone density |
Created by:
maxphia32
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